zhū lán huā chá · thetea.app

Chzhulan hua cha (zhū lán huā chá, 珠兰花茶) ndi imodzi mwa tiyi wakale kwambiri wobiriwira wonunkhira maluwa ku China, momwe tsamba lofunikira limadzazidwa ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino, lokhalitsa la maluwa ang’onoang’ono a chloranthus wa spike (Chloranthus spicatus, 珠兰). Mosiyana ndi jasmine yomwe ili yaphokoso komanso yotsekemera, chzhulan imapereka mafuta onunkhira oletsedwa, a “orchid-udzu”, omwe odziwa amati ndi amodzi mwa okongola kwambiri mu banja la 花茶 (huā chá, tiyi wamaluwa) waku China.

1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: tiyi wobiriwira wonunkhira (wamaluwa) — 花茶 (huā chá).
Chonunkhiritsa: chloranthus wa spike (Chloranthus spicatus, 珠兰 zhū lán).
Tiyi woyambira: tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa pa ng’anjo — 烘青 (hōng qīng).
Malo akale ndi otsogola opangira: Shexian County (歙县, Shèxiàn) m’chigawo cha mzinda wamakono wa Huangshan m’chigawo cha Anhui — dziko lakale la Huizhou (徽州). Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndi Shexian chzhulan hua cha (歙县珠兰花茶).
Malo ena opangira: Chigawo cha Zhejiang, makamaka dera la Jinhua (金华, Jīnhuá); kulimidwa kwa chloranthus ndi kupanga tiyi wonunkhira kumatchulidwanso kumwera — ku Fujian ndi Guangdong, kumene nyengo ndi yabwino kwa chomera chokonda kutentha. Jiografia yeniyeni yamakono ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola zimasiyanasiyana, ndipo pa mfundo iyi ndi bwino kudalira zidziwitso zachigawo zaposachedwa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Mwambo wopangira tiyi wonunkhira ndi maluwa ku China unayamba m’nthawi ya Song ndi Ming, pamene maluwa onunkhira adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo kuti ‘atsitsimutse’ tsamba la tiyi. Chloranthus monga chonunkhiritsa adakhazikika mu 花茶 pamodzi ndi jasmine, osmanthus, magnolia (玉兰, yù lán) ndi duwa. M’chikhalidwe cha zaluso cha Huizhou (徽州), kwawo kwa tiyi wotchuka wobiriwira wa Anhui, chzhulan hua cha adakhala katswiri wakumaloko: maziko abwino obiriwira anali pafupi, ndipo chikhalidwe cha kukoma kochenjera, kofatsa chimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha duwa.

Pakati pa 花茶 waku China, chzhulan mwamwambo amatenga malo a “moyimira mwakachetechete” — ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi tiyi wa jasmine, ndipo amayamikiridwa ndi odziwa chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kosawonekera. Tsiku lenileni ndi mayina a mitundu ya “mayina” akumaloko akuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi magwero a m’deralo.

3. Kufotokozera Kwachomera ndi Zinthu Zake:

Chonunkhiritsa ndi Chloranthus spicatus — chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse cha banja la chloranthus, chodziwika mu Chitchaina monga 珠兰 (zhū lán) kapena 金粟兰 (jīn sù lán, “mapira agolide- orchid”). Dzina lodziwika la anthu “mapira agolide” limafotokoza bwino maluwa ake: masamba ang’onoang’ono ozungulira achikasu-obiriwira, oyikidwa motsatana ndi spike, ngati mikanda (珠 — “ngale”, “nkanda”). Fungo limatuluka m’chilimwe, pakatikati pa kutentha, pamene masamba amasonkhanitsa mafuta ofunikira kwambiri; ndi masamba ndi maluwa omwe ali pakati pa kutseguka, osati omwe atseguka kwathunthu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kununkhiritsa.

Fungo la chzhulan limafotokozedwa ngati losakaniza udzu watsopano, zokometsera pang’ono ndi kutsekemera kochepa kokhala ndi kamfungo ka orchid — popanda kunenepa kwa maluwa “kwachidule” kwa jasmine. Kukoma mtima uku kumatsimikiza chikhalidwe cha tiyi womalizidwa, komanso mbiri yake monga “tiyi wa odziwa”.

Monga maziko a tiyi, mwamwambo amatenga tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa pa ng’anjo — 烘青 (hōng qīng). Kwa milingo yabwino kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito tiyi wobiriwira wakumaloko wochokera ku Anhui; m’malo opangira zakale, maziko anali tiyi wochokera ku Huizhou (徽州). Kununkhiritsa tiyi wina wobiriwira komanso ngakhale maziko ena akuda kwambiri kumachitika kawirikawiri, koma chzhulan hua cha weniweni ndi maziko obiriwira, omwe kam fung kake koyera ka udzu ndi mtedza sikumabisa duwa losakhwima.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Chloranthus yokha ndi chomera cha nyengo yachinyezi, yofunda, chomwe sichilekerera chisanu; m’zigawo zozizira amalimidwa m’malo otetezedwa. Kuphatikiza maziko a tiyi wobiriwira wa Anhui ndi duwa lakumaloko kunapereka mbiri yachigawo yachikale.

5. Ukadaulo Wopangira:

Kupanga chzhulan hua cha kumatsata mfundo zomwezo za kununkhiritsa tiyi wamaluwa waku China, koma ndi kusintha kwa kukoma mtima kwa zinthu.

Kukonzekera maziko. Tiyi womalizidwa wobiriwira woumitsidwa pa ng’anjo amafikitsidwa ku chinyezi chochepa, kuti tsamba louma litenge mwachangu zinthu zonunkhira zochokera kwa duwa.
Kututa ndi kukonzekera duwa. Masamba ndi ma spike omwe ali pakati pa kutseguka a zhū lán amasonkhanitsidwa m’masiku otentha a chilimwe; kuti azinunkhiritsa, kutsitsi ndi nthawi yoyenera ya kutseguka, pamene kutulutsa fungo kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, ndi zofunika.
Kusunga pamodzi (窨制, yìn zhì). Tiyi ndi maluwa amayalidwa m’magawo kapena kusakanizidwa ndikusiyidwa kuti ‘apume’ pamodzi; tsamba limatenga fungo lomwe limatulutsidwa ndi duwa. Njirayi imayendera limodzi ndi kuwongolera kutentha mkati mwa mulu wake — ngati nkoyenera, amawuziziritsa (通花, tōng huā), kusakaniza kusakaniza, kuti maluwa asatenthedwe ndi kupereka mawu osalala.
Kulekanitsa ndi kuumitsa. Pambuyo pa kudzazidwa, maluwa omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito amasefedwa (起花, qǐ huā), ndipo tiyi amawumitsidwa mochenjera kuti atseke fungo ndikubwezera chinyezi chofunikira.
Kubwereza mayendedwe. Kuti apange milingo yodzazidwa kwambiri komanso yolimba, kununkhiritsa kumachitidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi “ma batch” a maluwa atsopano; chiwerengero cha mayendedwe chimakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa fungo komanso mulingo wake.

Vuto lalikulu la chzhulan ndi kukoma mtima kwa fungo lake: ngati kutentha kumapitirira kapena chinyezi chambiri, kumakhala kosavuta kupeza mawu “owiritsidwa” kapena osalala, kotero luso lowongolera kutentha ndi nthawi ndilofunika kwambiri pano.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:

Mu kapu, chzhulan hua cha wabwino amazindikiridwa ndi kusamala: maziko obiriwira oyera — udzu ndi mtedza, ndi kutsekemera kochepa — ndi fungo lalikulu, “lozizira” la maluwa lokhala ndi kamfungo ka orchid ndi kokometsera pang’ono pamwamba pake. Mtsinje wa tiyi ndi woyera, wachikasu-obiriwira; pambuyo pake kumamveka kofatsa, ndi mawu a maluwa omwe amatenga nthawi (zomwe zimatchedwa 幽香, yōu xiāng — “fungo lobisika, lakuya”). Ubwino wake waukulu ndi kukoma mtima ndi kukhazikika, osati mphamvu.

9. Kupanga:

Malangizo opangira amachokera ku mfundo yakuti maziko ndi tiyi wofatsa wobiriwira, womwe sungathe ‘kuwotchedwa’:

Madzi: ofewa, kutentha pafupifupi 80–85 °C; madzi otentha kwambiri amachititsa kuti tsamba lobiriwira likhale lolimba, komanso fungo la maluwa lofatsa.
Mlingo: pafupifupi 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zombo: galasi lagalasi kapena gaiwan zimalola kusangalala ndi kutseguka kwa tsamba ndikuwongolera mtsinje wake.
Nthawi: kutsanulira koyamba ndi kwaufupi (masekondi 30–40), kenako malinga ndi kukoma; tiyi amapirira kupanga kangapo, momwe mawu a maluwa amasiya pang’onopang’ono malo ku maziko obiriwira oyera.

11. Mtengo ndi Zokopera:

Chzhulan hua cha ndi wa gulu la tiyi wonunkhira (花茶) ndipo amawunikiridwa pa maziko omwewo a organoleptic monga 花茶 ena: maonekedwe a tsamba louma, ukhondo ndi kukhazikika kwa fungo, mtundu wa mtsinje, kukoma ndi mkhalidwe wa tsamba lophikidwa. Mulingo wake umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi khalidwe la tiyi woyambira wobiriwira (kufatsa kwa zinthu, kulingana kwa kupotoza) ndi chiwerengero ndi khalidwe la mayendedwe a kununkhiritsa.

Tikuyenera kunena moona: pa tiyi wa jasmine, pali muyezo wadziko lonse wapadera (茉莉花茶), pomwe pa chzhulan hua cha nambala yeniyeni ya GB/T sikuperekedwa pano popewa cholakwika — ngati nkotheka, iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kope logwira ntchito la miyezo ya boma ndi malamulo aukadaulo achigawo. Zofunikira zonse pa maziko a tiyi wobiriwira ndi kuyika chizindikiro pa tiyi wonunkhira zimaperekedwa ndi miyezo ya chimango pa tiyi wobiriwira ndi wamaluwa.

Zoyenera kuziganizira posankha ndi momasulira tiyi weniweni:

Fungo. Chzhulan weniweni amanunkhira bwino komanso “mozizira”, ndi mawu a orchid-udzu; kukoma konyanyira, kokakamiza ndi kongopeka “kwa mafuta onunkhira” kumasonyeza m’malo mwake jasmine kapena fungo lopangira.
Kukhazikika. Kununkhiritsa kwapamwamba kumapereka fungo lomwe limakhalapo pambuyo pa kutsanulira kangapo ndipo silisowa pambuyo poyamba. Tiyi yemwe amataya fungo mwachangu amasonyeza kuti kununkhiritsa kwake kunali kofooka kapena kwapamwamba.
Ukhondo wa maziko. Mu tsamba lophikidwa, maziko abwino obiriwira akuyenera kuwerengedwa popanda mawu osalala, “owiritsidwa” kapena ovunda — zizindikiro za kutentha kwambiri panthawi yosunga.
Zotsalira za maluwa. “Mikanda” yaing’ono yachikasu-obiriwira ya maluwa omwe amaoneka mu tiyi wouma ndi chirizidwe chabwino, koma mu tiyi wapamwamba, fungo limakhala mu tsamba lenileni, osati mu kuwonjezera kongoletsa kwa maluwa: kuchuluka kwa maluwa owuma ndi fungo lofooka la tsamba ndi chirizidwe choyipa.
Mtsinje. Woyera, wowonekera, wachikasu-obiriwira; kukhala mathithi ndi kuda kwake kumasonyeza khalidwe lotsika la maziko kapena kuphwanya ukadaulo.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Dzina lodziwika la Chitchaina la chomeracho ndi 金粟兰 (jīn sù lán, “mapira agolide-orchid”): maluwa opangidwa ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono achikasu-obiriwira ozungulira, oyikidwa motsatana ndi spike ngati mikanda, adaperekanso dzina lachiwiri 珠兰 (珠 — “ngale”, “nkanda”).
Chzhulan hua cha ndi tiyi wa iwo omwe amafunafuna mu tiyi wamaluwa osati phokoso, koma kamvedwe kake: maziko oyera obiriwira, otsitsimutsidwa ndi fungo loletsedwa, lapamwamba la zhū lán.