Xīnhuì chénpí · thetea.app

Chénpí wosungidwa wodziwika bwino wochokera m’chigawo cha Xinhui m’chigawo cha Guangdong — si tiyi kwenikweni, koma ndi m’modzi mwa anzake ofunika kwambiri a tiyi waku China: ndiye maziko a gānpǔ chá (gānpǔ chá 柑普茶) ndipo amamwenso yekha, amakondedwa chifukwa cha fungo lake lozama, lomwe limafewa pakapita nthawi.

Chiyambi ndi Malo

Xinhui (新会) ndi chigawo cha mzinda wa Jiangmen (江门) m’chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Zhu (Pearl River) kumwera kwa Guangdong. Kugwirizana kwa malo kumeneku ndiko kumapangitsa Xīnhuì chénpí kukhala chinthu chapadera: chénpí womwe amalimidwa ndi kusungidwa m’madera ena alibe ufulu wotchedwa dzina limeneli.

Mkhalidwe wamadzi wa m’chigwachi umatenga gawo lofunika kwambiri. Mitsinje ya Xijiang (西江 Xījiāng) ndi Tanjiang (潭江 Tánjiāng) imanyamula madzi abwino omwe amakumana ndi mafunde a m’nyanja pano, kupanga dera lalikulu la madzi amchere ndi nthaka ya matope. Kusakanikirana kwa chakudya chamadzi abwino ndi amchere, nthaka yodzaza ndi mchere, ndi nyengo yotentha, yachinyontho ya mkuntho wa kumwera chakum’mawa kumapanga mbiri yapadera yamankhwala a chikopacho: mafuta ofunika ambiri komanso kusanja kwapadera kwa kakomedwe kowawa ndi kotsekemera. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi kuphatikiza kwa “madzi atatu” (河水, 海水, 雨水 — mtsinje, nyanja, mvula) komwe kumatsimikizira kusiyanasiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha malo a Xinhui.

Mtundu: Mandarin wa Chazhigan (茶枝柑, cházhīgān)

Zopangira ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wapadera wa citrus — cházhīgān (茶枝柑), womwe umadziwikanso kuti mandarin wa Xinhui (Xīnhuì gān 新会柑). Mwa sayansi ya zomera ndi mtundu wa Citrus reticulata, m’mabuku a mayiko ambiri nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti cultivar ‘Chachi’. Mtengo umayamikiridwa pano osati chifukwa cha zamkati mwake, koma makamaka chifukwa cha chikopa chake — chonunkhira, chamafuta, chokhala ndi mawonekedwe owonekera a tiziphuphu tamafuta ofunika.

Chipatso cha mandarin uyu sichimafanana ndi mitundu yodyedwa pa tebulo pa kutsekemera ndi kukhathamira, koma chikopa chake ndi chokhuthala, chosalala komanso chodzaza ndi mankhwala osakhazikika. Mwamwambo, minda yabwino kwambiri imapezeka m’madera akale a Xinhui — monga Tianma (天马 Tiānmǎ), Meijiang (梅江 Méijiāng), Dongjia (东甲 Dōngjiǎ) ndi ena, — kumene chikhalidwe cha malo chimadziwika kuti ndi chabwino kwambiri (kusanja kwenikweni kwa tizigawo ting’onoting’ono kumasiyana m’mabuku).

Nthawi Yokolola ndi “Mibadwo” Itatu ya Chikopa

Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za Xīnhuì chénpí ndi kugawa kwake malinga ndi nthawi yothyola chipatso, zomwe zimawonekera mwachindunji pa mtundu, fungo ndi khalidwe lake pakusungidwa.

Chikopa Chobiriwira (柑青皮 gānqīng pí) — kukolola koyambirira, kuyambira chakumapeto kwa chirimwe. Chikopa ndi chobiriwira chakuda, chothina, ndi fungo lothwima, lozizira, lowawa pang’ono komanso “lakuthwa”. Muli mafuta ofunika ambiri.
Chikopa Chofiira Pang’ono (微红皮 wēihóng pí) — kukolola kwapakati. Mtundu ndi wachikasu-wobiriwira ndi chofiira, fungo ndi kuwawa kumafewetsedwa, kumayamba kuzungulira.
Chikopa Chachikulu Chofiira (大红皮 dàhóng pí) — kukolola mochedwa, chipatso chokhwima. Chikopa ndi chofiira-chofiirira, chochepa thupi ndi chofewa, fungo ndi lotsekemera, lotentha, ndi kuwawa kochepa.

Magulu atatuwa sapikisana, koma amafotokoza masitayilo osiyanasiyana: chobiriwira chimapereka khalidwe lolimbikitsa ndi “lodutsa”, pamene chofiira ndi chofewa komanso chotsekemera.

Kukonza ndi Njira Yochotsera Chikopa

Tekinoloje ikuwoneka yosavuta, koma imafuna chisamaliro.

Kuchotsa Chikopa (开皮 kāipí). Chipatso chimadulidwa ndipo chikopa chimachotsedwa m’njira yodziwika bwino ya “timapepala atatu” (三瓣 sānbàn) kapena “timapepala tiwiri”, kusiya magawo olumikizidwa pansi. “Duwa” lotsegukili lodziwika bwino ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zowonekera za kukonza kwenikweni.
Kuyanika (晒制 shàizhì). Chikopa chimayanika — mwamwambo padzuwa — mpaka chitakhazikika, osachiyanika mopitirira muyeso, kuti mafuta ofunika asungidwe.
Kusungira (陈化 chénhuà). Chikopa choyanikidwa chimayikidwa kuti chisungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali m’malo olowera mpweya, olamulidwa chinyontho, nthawi ndi nthawi “chimatsitsimutsidwa” ndikuyanikidwanso nyengo ikakhala yoyenera.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri: chikopa chatsopano kapena chongoyanikidwa kumene sichinakhale chénpí. Malinga ndi chizolowezi chofala m’makampani, chikopa chokha chomwe chasungidwa kwa zaka zosachepera zitatu ndicho chimakhala ndi ufulu wotchedwa chénpí (陈皮, kutanthauza “chikopa chakale, chosungidwa”). Pakapita nthawi, mtundu umasintha (kuchokera ku bulauni wofiirira kupita ku bulauni wakuda), kuwawa koopsa kumachoka, fungo limakhala lozama, lotsekemera komanso lovuta. Chikopa chakale, chazaka zambiri ndi chamtengo wapatali kwambiri, ndipo zaka zake nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa ngati chikhalidwe chachikulu.

Miyezo ndi Chitetezo cha Malo

Xīnhuì chénpí ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chisonyezo cha malo chotetezedwa (地理标志产品): ufulu wa dzinali umagwirizana ndi malo ake oyambira, mtundu wa cházhīgān ndi njira yopangira yokhazikitsidwa. Izi zimathandiza kusiyanitsa chénpí weniweni wa ku Xinhui ndi “chikopa cha mandarin chosungidwa” chochokera kumadera ena.

Manambala enieni a miyezo yomwe ikugwira ntchito ndi malamulo am’derali sanatchulidwe pano, kuti asapereke deta yosatsimikizirika — fufuzani malinga ndi zolemba zosinthidwa za miyezo yoyenera. Ndikofunika kukumbukiranso za chikhalidwe chapawiri cha chikopachi: m’mwambo waku China chénpí (陈皮) ndi gulu la “chakudya ndi mankhwala ochokera kugwero limodzi” (yào shí tóng yuán 药食同源) ndipo amapezeka m’mabuku a pharmacopoeia ndi zophikira. Zokhudza zachipatala sizikambidwa m’nkhaniyi.

Kakomedwe, Fungo ndi Kusakaniza

Kusakaniza kokha kwa chénpí wosungidwa kumapereka mtundu woyera wa amberi-wagolide, fungo lotentha la citrus-mitengo ndi zizindikiro za uchi, mafuta onunkhira komanso zokometsera zosaoneka bwino. Chikopa chachiwisi chachinyamata mu kapu ndi chatsopano, chozizira, ndi kuwawa kochepa; chofiira chazaka zambiri ndi chofewa, chozungulira, chotsekemera komanso chonga utomoni.

Kusakaniza koyambira: kenakake kakang’ono ka chénpí (kapena kangapo) kamatsukidwa, kenako nkuthiridwa madzi otentha (oyandikira kuwira) mu gaiwan kapena tiyapot, ndi kupanga kuthira kwakanthawi ndikukulitsa nthawi pang’onopang’ono. Chikopacho chitha kuwiridwanso — izi zimapereka madzi ochuluka komanso odzaza.

Kutchuka kwakukulu kwa chénpí wa ku Xinhui kwadza pophatikizana ndi pu’er:

Xiao qing gan (小青柑 xiǎo qīng gān) — mandarin wamng’ono wobiriwira, wochotsedwa zamkati ndikudzazidwa ndi shu pu’er, kenako nkuyanikidwa. Amaphatikiza kutsitsimula kozizira kwa chikopa chobiriwira ndi kufewa kwadothi la tiyi.
Da hong gan (大红柑 dàhóng gān) — chipatso chachikulu chokhwima, chodzazidwa chimodzimodzi ndi pu’er: kusakaniza ndi kotsekemera, kotentha, kofewa.

M’mapangidwe awa, chikopa ndi tiyi amasakanizidwa pamodzi, kusinthana fungo; pakapita nthawi, gān-pu’er woteroyu amakulanso.

Momwe Mungazindikire Choonadi

Zizindikiro zingapo zimathandiza kusiyanitsa Xīnhuì chénpí weniweni ndi zonyenga komanso chikopa chongosungidwa chochokera kwina:

Mawonekedwe Osegula. Mdulidwe wodziwika wa “timapepala” ndi maziko olumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro cha kukonza kwamanja kwa ku Xinhui.
Maonekedwe ndi Tiziphuphu Tamafuta. Mbali yamkati (wosanjikiza woyera, albedo) ndi yosalala, yowala; mbali yakunja — yokhala ndi timadontho todziwika bwino, tokanika pafupi ta tiziphuphu tamafuta ofunika. Powala, chikopa chakale chikuwoneka “chamafuta”.
Mtundu Kutengera Zaka. Chachinyamata — ndi bulauni wofiirira ndi zobiriwira kapena zofiirira; chazaka zambiri — bulauni wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi chokoleti, koma popanda zizindikiro za chimera.
Fungo. Chénpí weniweni wosungidwa amanunkhira bwino komanso mochulukira — citrus, uchi, matabwa, zokometsera zochepa; fungo lachikale, lachimera kapena loopsa la “mankhwala” ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza.
Khalidwe la Kusakaniza. Chénpí wabwino amapirira kuthira kambiri, kutulutsa fungo lake pang’onopang’ono, popanda kuwawa koopsa.
Chiyambi. Zaka zonenedwa ndi kugwirizana kwa malo ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa — khalani osamala ndi chénpí “wakale kwambiri” pamtengo wochepa wokayikitsa.

Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe

Chikhalidwe cha chénpí wosungidwa m’chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Zhu chinakhazikika kwa zaka mazana ambiri: minda ya citrus ya Xinhui idakhalapo kale mbewu yamalonda, ndipo chizolowezi chosunga ndi “kukalambitsa” chikopa chinasandutsa chinthu chochokera ku chinthu china kukhala chofunika chokha. Mu zakudya za Chikantoni chénpí ndi chokometsera chachikale: amachionjezera m’masuwo, zakudya zophikidwa pang’onopang’ono, mchere ndi m’masosi, pomwe chimapereka kuzama ndi kuwawa kochepa.

Pakapita nthawi, mbali yosonkhanitsa idabweranso: chénpí wakale wa ku Xinhui amasungidwa, kuperekedwa ndi kuwerengedwa mofanana ndi pu’er wosungidwa, pomwe zaka, chiyambi ndi momwe amasungira zimatsimikizira mbiri ndi mtengo. Masiku ano Xīnhuì chénpí ndi chopangira zophikira, chinthu cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi, ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha dera la Guangdong, chogwirizana kwambiri ndi mwambo wa gān-pu’er.