wǔzǐ xiānháo

Wuzi Xianhao ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’chigawo cha Shaanxi, wochokera ku Xixiang County (西乡) m’boma la Hanzhong (汉中), wodziwika ndi masamba ake opindika ngati “maluwa a orchid”, udzu wochuluka, ndi fungo la chestnut. Uwu ndi umodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu za chizindikiro chotentha cha Hanzhong Xianhao (汉中仙毫).

1. Classification ndi Origin:

• Mtundu: tiyi wobiriwira (wopanda fermentation).
• Gulu: CHINA-GREEN TEA · tiyi wapamwamba wodziwika bwino (名优) · gawo lapamwamba 高档.
• Origin: Xixiang County (西乡), Hanzhong Municipality (汉中), Shaanxi Province (陕西·汉中西乡).
• Chigawo cha tiyi: Jiangbei (江北) - dera lakumpoto kwambiri mwa madera akuluakulu olima tiyi wobiriwira ku China, lomwe lili m’mphepete mwa nyengo, pomwe ulimi wa tiyi umayenderana ndi malire a malo ake.
• Mtundu wa chiyambi: tiyi wamakono, wokhazikitsidwa mwamakono kudzera mu kulowetsa mitundu (引种), osati dera lakale la tiyi (古茶区); kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafakitale kunachitika cha m’ma 1980.
• Dzina: amaphatikiza dzina la malo 午子 (wǔzǐ) ndi “仙毫” (xiānháo) - kutanthauza kwenikweni “udzu wosakhoza kufa/wakumwamba,” zomwe zikugogomezera udzu wochuluka wa masamba ang’onoang’ono.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Wuzi Xianhao ndi chopangidwa cha mafunde amakono a ulimi wa tiyi ku Shaanxi. Mosiyana ndi Ziyang (紫阳), yemwe kutchuka kwake kumayambira ku msonkho wa nthawi ya Tang, tiyi wodziwika wa Hanzhong wobiriwira unapangidwa mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, potsatira kulowetsa mitundu yabwino ndi kupanga tiyi wodziwika “ming-you” (名优) m’zaka za m’ma 1980. Wuzi Xianhao adakhala mmodzi mwa atsogoleri a kayendetsedwe kameneka m’chigwa cha Hanjiang.

Mkati mwa Shaanxi, dera lakumpoto limagawanika m’nkhani ziwiri zodziwika: mbali imodzi - madera akale a tiyi (古茶区) ndi msonkho wa nthawi ya Tang, monga Ziyang; mbali inayo - minda yamakono yokhazikitsidwa kudzera mu kulowetsa mitundu. Wuzi Xianhao ndi wa mzere wachiwiri.

Mu 2007, tiyi wodziwika wobiriwira wa Hanzhong adaphatikizidwa pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi cha Hanzhong Xianhao (汉中仙毫): zizindikiro zodziyimira m’mbiri - kuphatikizapo Wuzi (午子), Dingjun (定军, wochokera ku Mianxian County) ndi Ningqiang (宁强) - zidaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo limodzi lambale. Pambuyo pake, Wuzi Xianhao amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi ngati dzina lenileni la mbiri komanso ngati maziko a katundu wa Hanzhong Xianhao. Kuphatikizana kwa 2007 kunatsimikizira kuti Wuzi sizachilendo za m’myuziyamu, koma chizindikiro chamoyo cha malonda cha kudera, chodalira chizindikiritso cha selenium cha Hanzhong ndi Ankang: “富硒” monga mutu wambale, wophatikiza tiyi wobiriwira wa Shaanxi ndikuwasiyanitsa ndi akumwera.

3. Botanical Description ndi Raw Material:

• Mitundu/Cultivar: makamaka 福鼎大白 (fúdǐng dàbái) - Fuding large-leaf, cultivar yodziwika bwino ya “udzu woyera,” yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha masamba ake akulu ndi obiriwira - komanso minda yamagulu amderali (群体).
• Malingaliro osankha cultivar: Fuding large-leaf imapereka udzu wandiweyani komanso wosasalala, womwe mu tiyi womalizidwa umawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kuonda ndi mtundu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kalembedwe kogogomezera 显毫 (udzu wopenyeka).
• Mitundu ya cultivars m’derali: mkati mwa chizindikiro chokulirapo cha Hanzhong, cultivars zina zimagwirizananso ndi katunduyu - Dragon Well long-leaf (龙井长叶) ndi gulu la Ziyang (紫阳群体), - koma kwa Wuzi Xianhao chenicheni, mgwirizano wa Fuding large-leaf ndi magulu amderali umakhalabe maziko.
• Raw Material: yofewa kwambiri - kwa magulu apamwamba, amenewa ndi masamba ang’onoang’ono akuluakulu komanso kututa koyambirira.

4. Terroir ndi Zodziwika pa Kulima:

• Malo apakati a geography: Chigwa cha Hanzhong kumwera kwa Qinling Range (秦岭), komwe kumagwira ntchito ngati malole a nyengo pakati pa kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa China.
• Mikrokhalidwe ya nyengo: mapiri akumwera a Qinling ndi zigwa za m’mphepete mwa Hanjiang amapereka tiyi nyengo yofewa, yachinyezi kuposa momwe angayembekezere kuchokera ku latitude ya kumpoto chotere.
• Geochemistry ya dothi: chikhalidwe chofunikira cha terroir cha dera lonse la Hanzhong ndi Ankang-Ziyang ndicho kuti dothi lili ndi selenium yochuluka (富硒) ndi zinki (锌). Geochemistry imeneyi ndiyonso maziko a mbiri ya Ziyang Maojian yoyandikana nayo ngati tiyi wa “富硒” kuchokera ku “chigwa cha selenium cha China”; kwa Wuzi Xianhao, kukhala gawo la dera la selenium-zinki ndi gawo la chizindikiritso chake cha msika ndi chimodzi mwazosiyana pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira wa Shaanxi ndi wa kumwera wakale.

5. Tekinoloje ya Production:

Wuzi Xianhao ndi tiyi wobiriwira, kutanthauza wopanda fermentation: pambuyo potuta, enzyme-oxidation imayimitsidwa ndi kutentha (shāqīng 杀青), kenako masamba amapangidwa ndi kuumitsa. Mwamakhalidwe, tiyiyu ndi wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wopangidwa mosalala, wopindika pang’ono komanso wokhala ndi mbali yodziwika bwino ya “orchid” pamasamba.

Maonekedwe apadera a masamba omalizidwa m’mabuku amafotokozedwa ngati 微扁兰花形 显毫 - momwe mawonekedwe ake aliri opindika pang’ono, ngati orchid, ndi udzu wooneka bwino. Awa ndi mawonekedwe apakati pakati pa kupanikizana kwa “Longjing” kwenikweni ndi mawonekedwe opindika momasuka: masamba amaphwanyidwa pang’ono, koma amasunga kupindika kokongola, kokumbutsa tsamba la orchid, pamene udzu sukanatayike - udzu uyenera kukhalabe wopenyeka.

Mbiri ya nyengo ndi mtundu wa tiyi ndi 明前·特级 (míngqián, chisanafike Chikondwerero cha Qingming; kalasi yapamwamba kwambiri): kututa koyambirira kwambiri kwa masika, pamene masamba ang’onoang’ono ali ofewa komanso olemera kwambiri, ndipo zokolola ndi zochepa.

6. Organoleptic Characteristics:

• Masamba owuma: obiriwira a emerald ndi udzu wochuluka (翠绿显毫).
• Fungo: la chestnut (栗香) - fungo lenileni la “chestnut yokazinga” lomwe limamugwirizanitsa ndi tiyi wakumpoto wobiriwira monga Xinyang ndi Rizhao, koma ndi kufewa ndi kutsekemera kwa Hanzhong.
• Kukoma: kukoma kwatsopano ndi kotsekemera ndi kumva kofewa pambuyo pake komanso kuwawa kochepa.
• Mbiri ya chizindikiro chambale: “fungo lapamwamba, kutsitsimuka kwapamwamba, kutsekemera kwapamwamba, kuwawa kochepa ndi kuzizira kochepa” (高香高鲜高甜低苦涩) ndi maonekedwe a “opindika pang’ono, owonda, obiriwira mofewa, okhala ndi udzu.”

9. Kuwira:

Malangizo othandiza oti muziwirako tiyi wopangidwa mosalala komanso wofewa:

• madzi ofewa, ozungulira 80–85 °C: madzi otentha kwambiri “adzatentha” masamba ang’onoang’ono ndi kubisa kutsitsimuka;
• chotengera - galasi loyera kapena gaiwan ya porcelain; galasi limalola kusangalala ndi “kuvina” koyimirira kwa masamba ang’onoang’ono;
• muyeso wapakatikati, kuwira koyamba kosakhalitsa; dera la selenium-zinki limapatsa tiyi kukhuthala, choncho amatha kupirira mitsuko ingapo;
• kukoma mu kapu: fungo lofewa la chestnut, kukoma kwatsopano ndi kotsekemera ndi kumva kofewa pambuyo pake komanso kuwawa kochepa.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Gawo - 高档 (lapamwamba): uwu ndi tiyi wodziwika, wapamwamba, osati “kuban” watsiku ndi tsiku. Zizindikiro zofufuzira zenizeni:

• Dera ndi mtundu wa chiyambi. Wuzi Xianhao ndi Xixiang, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, tiyi wa Jiangbei wa chiyambi chamakono, cholowetsedwa, osati dera lakale la tiyi. Ngati wogulitsa amanena kuti ali ndi msonkho wa nthawi ya Tang - izi mwina ndi kusokonezedwa ndi Ziyang.
• Maonekedwe. Fufuzani masamba opindika pang’ono a “orchid” okhala ndi udzu wooneka bwino (微扁兰花形 显毫). Izi zimasiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe a Longjing opyapyala kwenikweni, komanso ndi tiyi wopindika/wokhotakhota wakumpoto wobiriwira (monga ambiri a Rizhao).
• Mtundu ndi fungo. Masamba owuma obiriwira a emerald okhala ndi udzu wandiweyani; mu kapu - fungo la chestnut lofewa komanso kuwawa kochepa.
• Mkati mwa chizindikiro. Wuzi Xianhao ndi maziko a Hanzhong Xianhao; pafupi pansi pa dongosolo lambale pali Dingjun Mingmei (mawonekedwe opyapyala-”a eyebrow” ochokera ku Mianxian) ndi Ningqiang Queshe (“lirime la mpheta” lochokera ku Ningqiang). Alekanitseni pogwiritsa ntchito boma loyambira ndi maonekedwe a masamba.
• Chizindikiro cha terroir. Kukhala gawo la dera la selenium-zinki la Hanzhong - Ankang ndi gawo lovomerezeka la kufotokozera tiyi wobiriwira wa Shaanxi; izi zimagwirizanitsa Wuzi Xianhao ndi Ziyang Maojian mwa geochemistry, koma osati m’mbiri ndi maonekedwe.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

• Wuzi Xianhao alipo m’makonzedwe a chizindikiro chambale chaku dera cha Hanzhong Xianhao (汉中仙毫); pashelefu, Wuzi Xianhao ndi Hanzhong Xianhao wamba nthawi zambiri amakumana - choyambacho ndi chizindikiro chenicheni cha ku Xixiang mkati mwa chachiwiricho.
• Kukhala gawo la dera la selenium-zinki kumagwirizanitsa Wuzi Xianhao ndi Ziyang Maojian mwa geochemistry, koma osati m’mbiri ndi maonekedwe a masamba.