Lìzhī wūlóng · new.thetea.app

Lit Chii Uu Lungi ndi uulong wonunkhira wa lichi, tii ya zipatso ya Kumwera kwa China ndi Taiwan. Ndi chinthu chamakono cha m’zaka za zana la 20: maziko ake ndi uulong wokhala ndi okisayidi pang’ono (乌龙茶, wūlóng chá), womwe wonunkhitsidwa ndi zipatso ndi mafuta achilengedwe a lichi. Lit Chii Uu Lungi waima pa mphambano ya miyambo iwiri — luso la uulong la Minnan ndi Taiwan ndi chikhalidwe cha zaka chikwi cha kulima lichi — kutipatsa utsi wopepuka, wamaluwa, wosiyana ndi mlongo wake “wofiira” Lit Chii Hong Cha. Chofunika kwambiri: uwu ndi uulong wokhala ndi okisayidi pang’ono, osati tii wofiira wokisayidi kwathunthu — ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chakumwa chikhale chamtundu wa golide ndi amber ndi khalidwe latsopano.

1. Klasifikeshoni ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: Uulong wonunkhira (调味乌龙, tiáowèi wūlóng; 加工乌龙, jiāgōng wūlóng). Maziko ndi uulong wokhala ndi okisayidi pang’ono (乌龙茶). Mulingo wa okisayidi wa tii woyambirira umasiyanasiyana kwambiri — pafupifupi 15–60% — kutengera kalembedwe ka uulong woyambirira (kuchokera ku wopepuka wa ku Taiwan mpaka waapakati wa Minnan). Chimenechi chimasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi tii wofiira wokisayidi kwathunthu (~95–100%).
Gulu: Tii wonunkhira wa zipatso (水果调味茶, shuǐguǒ tiáowèi chá). Ndi wa gululo la tii wopangidwa ndi njira (再加工茶类, zài jiāgōng chá lèi), pomwe uulong amakumana ndi njira yachiwiri — kununkhira kudzera mu njira ya 调味 (tiáowèi) kapena 窨制 (xūnzhì).
Chiyambi: Ndi chinthu chamakono. Malo a uulong woyambirira ndi m’chigawo cha Fujian (福建省, Fújiàn Shěng, ma uulong a Minnan a dera la Anxi), chigawo cha Guangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng Shěng, Fenghuang Dancong), ndi Taiwan (台湾, Táiwān, ma uulong a m’mapiri ndi Wenshan Baozhong). Lichi limachokera ku madera akuluakulu a limu — Guangdong ndi Fujian. Lit Chii Uu Lungi ndi chogulitsidwa kwambiri m’dziko la Thailand, komwe chakhala chodziwika kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri.
Malo: Uulong wonunkhira alibe malo ake a chiyambi — zimatengera mtundu wa uulong womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko ndi komwe kumachokera lichi. Uulong woyambirira ukhoza kupangidwa ku Anxi (Fujian), ku Taiwan (Wenshan ndi mapiri), kapena ku Guangdong (Fenghuang Dancong); lichi — kuchokera kumadera otentha a Guangdong ndi Fujian. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe malo a chiyambi amodzi a chinthu ichi.

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika Kwake Pachikhalidwe:

Mbiri: Lit Chii Uu Lungi ndi chinthu chamakono wonunkhira chimene mbiri yake yachindunji sikumapitirira zaka zambiri. Kuwonekera kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha kununkhira tii ndi zipatso ndi maluwa kumwera kwa China (Fujian, Guangdong), komwe kuyambira kale ankagwiritsa ntchito 窨花 (xūnhuā, “kudzaza ndi maluwa” — monga kupanga tii wa jasmine, 茉莉花茶, mòlì huāchá). Kalambulabwalo wa mitundu ya uulong anali Lit Chii Hong Cha (荔枝红茶) wakale — lichi pa maziko ofiira; mtundu wa uulong unasuntha lingaliro la kununkhira zipatso pa maziko okisayidi pang’ono, amaluwa.

Chikhalidwe cha kulemekeza lichi ku China ndi chakale kwambiri. Kale pa nthawi ya Tang (唐, 618–907) lichi linkaonedwa ngati chimodzi mwa zipatso zolemekezeka mu ufumu — malinga ndi nthano yodziwika, wokondedwa wa mfumu Xuanzong, Yang Guifei (杨贵妃, Yáng Guìfēi, 719–756) ankakonda lichi watsopano kotero kuti amithenga apamahatchi apadera ankanyamula zipatso kuchokera ku Lingnan (岭南) kupita ku likulu usiku ndi usana, akudutsa mtunda wa ma li zikwizikwi. Chithunzichi chimalimbikitsidwa mu ndakatulo zakale. Kupanga mwadongosolo kwa ma uulong onunkhira a lichi kunayamba m’zaka za zana la 20 ndipo kumakula limodzi ndi msika wa tii wonunkhira ku Asia ndi Kumadzulo.
Dzina:
- “Lit Chii” (荔枝, lìzhī) — lichi, chipatso cha mtengo wa Litchi chinensis wa banja la Sapindaceae. Chizindikiro 荔 chimachokera ku dzina lakale la zipatso za kumwera za m’nkhalango.
- “Uu Lungi” (乌龙, wūlóng) — “chinjoka chakuda”, dzina la gulu la tii wokhala ndi okisayidi pang’ono. Dzinali limasonyeza luso la okisayidi pang’ono lomwe lili pakati pa tii wobiriwira ndi tii wofiira.
Kufunika kwake pachikhalidwe: Lichi m’chikhalidwe cha China ndi chizindikiro cha mwayi, chikondi ndi kuchuluka; kumveka kwa 荔枝 (lìzhī) kumayenderana ndi 利子 (lìzǐ, “phindu, mbadwa”), zomwe zimapangitsa chipatso kukhala mphatso yodziwika paukwati. Maziko a uulong amawonjezera pamalingaliro awa kugwirizanako ndi luso la gongfu cha ndi kumwa tii mopanda changu. Lit Chii Uu Lungi amayamikiridwa ngati tii wopepuka, wotsitsimula, makamaka wokondedwa m’nyengo ya chilimwe ndi njira ya kuphika madzi ozizira; ku Southeast Asia (makamaka ku Thailand) wakhala umodzi mwa ma uulong onunkhira odziwika kwambiri.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Maziko a tii: Pakupanga Lit Chii Uu Lungi pamagwiritsidwa ntchito uulong wokhala ndi okisayidi pang’ono wamtundu wopepuka kapena wapakati (清香型, qīngxiāngxíng, “wonunkhira bwino”). Nthawi zambiri maziko amakhala ma uulong a Minnan a Anxi (安溪乌龙) — Tieguanyin (铁观音, tiěguānyīn), Benshan (本山, běnshān), Maoxie (毛蟹, máoxiè) ndi gulu lofunikira la mitundu yosakaniza 色种 (sèzhǒng); Wenshan Baozhong waku Taiwan (文山包种, wénshān bāozhǒng, okisayidi ~8–15%) ndi Si Ji Chun (四季春, sìjì chūn); kawirikawiri — Fenghuang Dancong waku Guangdong (凤凰单丛, fènghuáng dāncóng), yemwe kale ali ndi fungo lawo labwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito masamba achichepere, atsopano (kawirikawiri masamba awiri kapena atatu): zopangira zofewa zimamwa bwino fungo la lichi.
Chomera chonunkhira: Lichi waku China (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) — mtengo wobiriwira wa banja la Sapindaceae (Sapindaceae), umakula mpaka 10–20 m. Chipatso — ndi chomera chachizungulire cha 3–4 cm, chokutidwa ndi khungu lofiira la maumba. Mnofu ndi wosangalala, woyera, wothira madzi, ndi fungo lamphamvu lotsekemera la maluwa. Kununkhira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mnofu watsopano ndi madzi a lichi, mnofu wouma kapena wokazinga (lyophilized), komanso mafuta achilengedwe. Pakupanga kwapamwamba pamagwiritsidwa ntchito zopangira zachilengedwe; pakupanga kochuluka — kununkhira kopangidwa m’labu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zofunikira pazopangira: Maziko a uulong ayenera kukhala apamwamba — okhala ndi okisayidi weniweni pang’ono ndi mawonekedwe oyera, opanda zolakwika. Masamba akufunika kukhala ofewa, atsopano, opanda zosakaniza: ukhondo wa zopangira ndi wofunika kuti amwe fungo la lichi. Zipatso za lichi — zatsopano, zakucha, zonunkhira, zopanda zizindikiro za kuwonongeka. Monga momwe zilili ndi mtundu wofiira, ndi bwino kuti m’nyengo yokolola lichi (nyengo yake — June–July) igwirizane ndi kukonza tii, zomwe n’zotheka ku Guangdong ndi Fujian, komwe zinthu zonse zimamera.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Minda ya tii: Kwa ma uulong a Minnan — madera amapiri a Anxi (安溪) ku Fujian: madera a mkati (内安溪, nèi Ānxī) pamwamba pa 600 m amapereka zambiri, madera akunja (外安溪, wài Ānxī) — pa 300–400 m; dothi lamapiri, nthawi zambiri lofiira ndi chitsulo. Kwa Wenshan Baozhong waku Taiwan — kumpoto kwa chilumba (Taipei, Xinbei), malo okwera 300–800 m, nyengo ya chifunga cha kotentha, dothi lotsika bwino madzi. Kwa Fenghuang Dancong — mapiri a Fenghuang ku Guangdong.
Madera akulimirako lichi: Guangdong — ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko popanga lichi; Fujian — ndi wopanga wamkulu wachiwiri komanso malo a mbiri ya kulima chipatso (zolembedwa kale m’zaka za zana la 11). Nyengo ndi ya kotentha, yotentha ndi yamvula (kutentha kwapakati pafupifupi 21–25°C, mvula yambiri). Nyengo yocha cha lichi — pafupifupi May–July (mitundu yoyambirira) ndi July–August (mitundu yochedwa).
Makhalidwe: Monga momwe zilili ndi mtundu wofiira, ubwino wa Lit Chii Uu Lungi umadalira kuyandikira kwamafuta pakati pa mafakitale a tii ndi madera akulimirako lichi: zipatso zatsopano zimataya fungo mwachangu, chifukwa chake kununkhira ndi zopangira zachilengedwe kuyenera kuchitidwa mofulumira pambuyo pokolola. Komanso, kwa uulong wopepuka, ndikofunika makamaka kuti “asale kwambiri” maziko ake ofewa amaluwa — lichi iyenera kutsindika, osati kupondereza khalidwe la tii.

5. Luso la Kupanga:

Kupanga kumakhala ndi magawo awiri: kupanga maziko a uulong malinga ndi luso loyenera la uulong ndi kenako kununkhira. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi tii wofiira — ndi okisayidi pang’ono (osati kwathunthu), womwe umatsitsidwa ndi kukonza (杀青).

Gawo I — Kupanga maziko a uulong:

Kukolola (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kukolola mphukira zachichepere, nthawi zambiri za masamba awiri kapena atatu.
Kufota padzuwa (日光萎凋, rìguāng wěidiāo): Kufota kwa masamba atsopano padzuwa kuti ataye madzi oyamba.
Kufota m’chipinda ndi kugwedeza (做青 / 摇青, zuòqīng / yáoqīng): Gawo lofunika kwambiri la uulong. Masamba amagwedezeka nthawi ndi nthawi (kawirikawiri mbali zingapo ndi kupuma pakati), kuyambitsa okisayidi pang’ono m’mphepete. Pamapangika mawonekedwe a “masamba obiriwira ndi mphepete wofiira” (绿叶红边, lǜyè hóngbiān / 红镶边, hóng xiāngbiān). Momwe gawo limeneli likuchitira limatsimikizira mulingo wa okisayidi — kuchokera wopepuka mpaka wapakati.
Kukonza (kupha wobiriwira) (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kuti aime okisayidi (gawo limeneli lilibe mu tii wofiira). Limakhazikitsa okisayidi pang’ono ndikusunga maziko obiriwira-amaluwa.
Kukulunga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kupanga masamba — kukhala ngati miyandamiyanda ya “ngale” (kwa mtundu wopota) kapena kukhala mizere yopindika (kwa mtundu wotseguka wa Dancong).
Kuumitsa ndi kuwotcha (烘焙, hōngbèi / 干燥, gānzào): Kuchepetsa chinyezi. Kwa ma uulong opuwuka, pamagwiritsidwa ntchito moto wopepuka (轻火, qīnghuǒ), womwe umasunga kutsopano ndi maluwa; kuwotcha kwambiri (足火, zúhuǒ) sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa mitundu yonunkhira, chifukwa kumalimbana ndi fungo la lichi.

Gawo II — Kununkhira (调味, tiáowèi / 窨制, xūnzhì):

Uwu ndiwo gawo lalikulu, lomwe limasiyanitsa Lit Chii Uu Lungi ndi uulong wamba. Pamagwiritsidwa ntchito njira ziwiri zazikulu:

Njira ya kununkhira kukakumana (窨制, xūnzhì): Uulong womalizidwa umasakanizidwa ndi zipatso zatsopano, mnofu kapena madzi a lichi, kusinthana magawo m’malo otsekedwa ndi kutentha kwapakati ndi chinyezi. Masamba a tii, okhala ndi mphamvu yochuluka yolowetsa, amamwa zinthu zonunkhira zochuluka. Njira imeneyi ingabwerezedwe m’magawo angapo (kwa lichi — nthawi zambiri, n’zochepa poyerekeza ndi jasmine, nthawi zambiri 1–3) ndi kuumitsa pakati pa magawo.
Njira ya kununkhira ndi mafuta (调味, tiáowèi): M’uulong womalizidwa amawonjezera mafuta achilengedwe kapena mnofu wokazinga wa lichi pambuyo popanga. Imeneyi ndi njira yamakono, yaukadaulo komanso yotsika mtengo, yomwe imapatsa mphamvu yowongolera fungo. Pakupanga kwapamwamba pamagwiritsidwa ntchito zopangira zachilengedwe (kuphatikizapo lichi lyophilized, womwe umasunga fungo ndi vitamini C), pakupanga kochuluka — kununkhira kopangidwa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kusankha (分级, fēnjí): Kusankha kumaliza kwa chinthu, kuchotsa zidutswa ndi zosakaniza zina.

6. Makhalidwe a Utoto ndi Kununkhira:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mtundu wochuluka ndi wobiriwira-bulauni: mbali zobiriwira zowala ndi mphepete wobulauni-kufiira (kalasi 绿叶红边, lǜyè hóngbiān). Ma uulong opuwuka ndi obiriwira kwambiri, apakati — ndi mtundu wofunda wobulauni. Mawonekedwe — miyandamiyanda yopota ya “ngale” kapena mizere yopindika (kwa mtundu wotseguka). Sizosakaniza zokhuthala, zokulungidwa mwamphamvu za tii wofiira. Nthawi zina mawonetsedwe azidutswa za lichi wouma; pamwamba pake pakhoza kukhala ponyezimira pang’ono kuchokera ku kununkhira.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Lowala, lotsekemera, lamaluwa-zipatso. Lichi ndi yemwe amamveka kwambiri — wotentha, wokhala ndi mauve a rozi ndi zipatso; patsogolo — maluwa ofewa a maziko a uulong, nthawi zina notsopano za uchi kapena zobiriwira. Fungo ndi loyera ndi latsopano kuposa mtundu wofiira, wopanda matani olemera a malt kapena kakao.
Fungo la chakumwa: Lofewa, lokhazikika, lamaluwa-zipatso. Lichi amamveka wothira madzi komanso wosangalatsa, maziko a uulong akuwonjezera kuzama kwa maluwa. Fungo ndi latsopano, “lopanda mpweya”, popanda mamvekedwe olemera a malt.
Kukoma: Kutsekemera, kopepuka, kotsitsimula. Kutsekemera kwa zipatso kwa lichi kumayambira, kuthandizidwa ndi maluwa ofewa a uulong ndi kuwawa kochepa kolemekezeka. Utsi ndi wopepuka, womwe umamwa mosavuta. Kumadziwika kwa kubwerera kutsekemera (回甘, huígān) — ma tannins atsopano amasanduka kutsekemera pamene chakumwa chikuzizira. Pambuyo amamva maluwa ndi uchi, ndi phokoso la zipatso la lichi. Ngati mtundu wofiira uli ngati “chipatso ndi chokoleti”, uwu uulong uli ngati “chipatso ndi duwa”.
Mtundu wa chakumwa: Wa uulong — kuchokera kuchikasu mopepuka ndi golide mpaka ku amber wokhala ndi kunyezimira kwa uchi (kufiira kwambiri pamene okisayidi wa maziko ali wokwera); wowala, wopanda mchenga. Uwu siwo chakumwa chofiira cha rubi cha tii wofiira.
Pansi pa tii (masamba ataphikidwa): Masamba athunthu, ofewa, otseguka bwino a mtundu wachikasu-wobiriwira ndi madera obulauni-kufiira a okisayidi m’mphepete. Masamba ndi amoyo, olemba; fungo lotsalira — lichi, lamaluwa, latsopano.

7. Kukhazikika Kwake Chamtengo:

Lit Chii Uu Lungi amasonkhanitsa zinthu zachilengedwe zogwira ntchito za uulong wokhala ndi okisayidi pang’ono ndi zipatso za lichi, kupanga mawonekedwe apadera ochuluka.

Polyphenols: Kuchokera mu tii — catechins (儿茶素, ěrchásù): epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) ndi ena. Pokhala ndi okisayidi pang’ono, mbali ya catechins imasanduka ma polima apakati — ma oligomers a polyphenols a uulong (OTPP), omwe ali pakati pa catechins oyera a tii wobiriwira ndi theaflavins/thearubigins a tii wofiira. Izi zimasunga bwino kutsopano ndi kutsekemera; ndi catechins ndi ma oligomers awa, osati theaflavins, omwe amapanga maziko a mawonekedwe a polyphenols a uulong. Kuchokera mu lichi — flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, epicatechin) ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant.
Amino acids: L-theanine ndi ma amino acids ena omasuka (glutamate, aspartate), omwe amapatsa kutsekemera, kusalala ndi umami. Mu uulong, amasungidwa bwino kuposa mu tii wofiira wokisayidi kwathunthu, zomwe zimawonjezera khalidwe lofewa la “theanine” la chakumwa.
Alkaloids: Caffeine wo pakati pa tii wobiriwira ndi wofiira (pafupifupi 20–30 mg pa kapu ya 200 ml, malinga ndi magwero ena — mpaka 30–60 mg kutengera liwu), theobromine ndi theophylline mochepa. Kununkhira sikuwonjezera caffeine.
Mavitamini: Kuli kofunika kwambiri kuchuluka kwa vitamin C kuchokera mu zipatso za lichi (umodzi mwa magwero ochuluka a zipatso — pafupifupi 69–70 mg/100 g mnofu watsopano). Kuuma kwa lyophilization kumasunga bwino vitamin C.
Minelolo: Potaziyamu (yochuluka mu tii komanso mu lichi), manganese, mkuwa, magnesium, phosphorus, chitsulo.
Zinthu zonunkhira za lichi: Gulu la lichi limapangidwa ndi monoterpenes ndi esters — linalool, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, nerolidol, α-terpineol, furaneol (kutsekemera kwa caramel); zinthu zakumbuyo zokhala ndi sulfure (dimethyl trisulphide) ndi methional zimawonjezera kuchulukana. Mgwirizano wa linalool, geraniol ndi nerol umapatsa maziko amaluwa a rozi a lichi. Zinthu izi ndi zachikazi ndipo zimatuluka mosavuta — chifukwa chake fungo limakhala losakhazikika pakusunga.

8. Ubwino Wake:

Kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi: Kuchuluka kwa vitamin C kuchokera mu lichi limodzi ndi polyphenols a uulong kumapanga mgwirizano wokweza chitetezo.
Chitetezo cha antioxidant: Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya antioxidant iwiri — catechins ndi ma oligomers a polyphenols a uulong a tii pamodzi ndi flavonoids a lichi — amapereka chitetezo chokwanira cha maselo ku nkhawa ya okisayidi.
Khama lofatsa logwira ntchito zamakono ndi mphamvu zoganiza: Caffeine wapakati pamodzi ndi L-theanine wosungidwa bwino amapatsa mphamvu yodekha, yokhazikika — kumasuka kwa maganizo ndi kusonkhezera popanda kusangalala mopitirira muyeso. Izi ndi zofatsa kuposa zotsatira za tii wofiira.
Metabolism: Ma uulong mwamwambo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuthandiza kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi thermogenesis.
Kukweza maganizo: Fungo labwino la maluwa ndi zipatso limathandiza kupumula m’maganizo; zotsatira za aromatherapy za gulu la lichi ndi zowonekera.
Kotsitsimula: Pakakhala kuzizira komanso kuphikidwa ndi madzi ozizira, Lit Chii Uu Lungi ndi chakumwa chabwino cha m’chilimwe, chopepuka komanso chotsitsimula ludzu; potaziyamu amathandiza kusunga bwino kagayidwe ka madzi ndi mchere m’thupi.
Kuthandizira dongosolo la mtima ndi mitsempha: Polyphenols a uulong agwirizanitsidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa kusintha kwa mitsempha ndi kagwiridwe ka endothelial; flavonoids a lichi akuwonjezera zotsatira izi.

9. Kuphikira:

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–95°C. Madzi otentha kwambiri (100°C) n’zabwino kupewa — angathe “kuwotcha” fungo lofewa la lichi ndi kupereka kuwawa kochokera ku tannins. Madzi ozizira pang’ono (85–90°C) amatulutsa fungo losalala kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa tii: 5 g pa 100 ml madzi (chiŵerengero chachikale cha uulong); kuti fungo likhale lowala — mpaka 6 g, kuti likhale losalala — 4 g.
Chida: Gaiwan ya porcelain kapena ceramic (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ya 100–150 ml — ndi yabwino kwa ma uulong ndi kuthira mwachidule. Tingagwiritsenso ntchito galasi kapena porcelain (galasi limathandiza kutamanda chakumwa cha golide). Chitsulo chipewe. Kwa kuphika madzi ozizira — galasi lalikulu.
Njira (gongfu, ndi kuthira mwachidule):
1. Tenthetsani gaiwan ndi madzi otentha (90–95°C).
2. Ikani tii (pafupifupi 5 g).
3. Kutsuka-“kudzutsa” (醒茶, xǐngchá): kuthira kwachidule kwa masekondi 15–20 — masamba amatseguka, fumbi limachotsedwa; chakumwa choyambirirachi nthawi zambiri chimakhetsedwa.
4. Kuthira koyamba: masekondi 20–25.
5. Thirani chakumwa.
6. Kuthira kotsatira: nthawi imawonjezedwa pang’onopang’ono (pafupifupi 25 → 40 → 50 → 60 masekondi). Lit Chii Uu Lungi wabwino amatha kuthira 5–7; fungo la lichi limachepetsa msanga chakumwa chisanakuchepe — kuthira komaliza kumatulutsa uulong weniweni.
Kuphika ndi madzi ozizira (冷泡, lěngpào): pafupifupi 1 supuni ya chai pa 150–200 ml madzi ozizira, kumwera kwa maola 4–8 pa kutentha kwa chipinda kapena usiku m’firiji. Kuzizira kumatulutsa kutsekemera ndi fungo la lichi mopanda kuwawa — chakumwa chimakhala choyera, chonunkhira, ndipo chimakondedwa kwambiri m’chilimwe.

10. Kusunga:

Chidebe: Paketi yosavundikira, osangalalira — chidebe chachitsulo, paketi ya foliyo ndi valavu, paketi ya vacuum. Zidebe zoonekera pamaso sikofunikira chifukwa cha photo-oxidation ya zinthu zonunkhira zochuluka.
Mikhalidwe: Kuzizira kosakhazikika, kutetezedwa ku kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lina. Kwa ma uulong opuwuka (ofanana ndi obiriwira) ndikofunikira kusunga kozizira (pafupifupi 5–8°C), komwe kumachepetsa okisayidi wa fungo; kwa apakati ndi okazinga — kutentha kwa chipinda (15–25°C). Chinyezi wapafupifupi 50–60%. Kusintha kwachangu kumafupikitsa kuwonongeka kwa fungo.
Nthawi yosungira: Fungo la lichi limatha kuchepa kwambiri pakapita miyezi 6–9 pokasungidwa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kuwala ndi mpweya — izi ndi njira yachilengedwe kwa tii onse onunkhira. Maziko a uulong amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali; ma uulong opuwuka ndi osakhazikika kuposa okisayidi kwambiri ndi okazinga.
Adani a tii: Kuwala, kutentha, chinyezi, mpweya ndi fungo lina — zonsezi zimafupikitsa kutuluka kwa monoterpenes za lichi ndi reoxidation ya catechins otsalira.

11. Mtengo ndi Zofuna:

Gulu la mitengo: Lit Chii Uu Lungi amapezeka pa mitengo yosiyanasiyana. Milu yochuluka pa maziko omwe sali okwera mtengo ndi kununkhira kopangidwa — ndi gawo lotsika. Chinthu chokhazikika pa uulong wabwino wokhala ndi mafuta achilengedwe — chapakati. Mitundu yapamwamba pa maziko apamwamba (Anxi wopambana, Baozhong waku Taiwan, Dancong wopambana) yokhala ndi lichi wachilengedwe kapena wokazinga — ndi gawo lapamwamba. Malinga ndi malo ogulitsira, mtengo umasiyana kuchokera pafupifupi 3–7 USD pa 50 g (gawo lalikulu) mpaka 16–30 USD ndi kupitirira pa 50 g (premium). Zinthu zikuluzikulu za mtengo: ubwino wa uulong woyambirira, njira ya kununkhira (wachilengedwe / wopangidwa), chizindikiro ndi kumanga.
Momwe mungapewere zofuna:
- Fufuzani zopangira: Pa chidebe ndikofunikira kusonyeza zinthu za chilengedwe — “kununkhira kwachilengedwe” (天然调味, tiānrán tiáowèi), “madzi atsopano / mnofu wouma wa lichi”, “lichi wokazinga”. Cholemba “调香” (tiáoxiāng, kununkhira kopangidwa) kapena kusowa kwa chidziwitso cha zopangira — ndi chifukwa chokayikira.
- Yunikani fungo: Fungo lachilengedwe la lichi — ndi lovuta, losanjikizana, la zipatso-maluwa, lolumikizidwa bwino ndi maziko a uulong. Lopangidwa — ndi lathyathyathya, “la mafuta onunkhira”, la mtundu umodzi, nthawi zina ndi kukhwima kwa mankhwala.
- Yang’anani masamba: Uulong weniweni amawonetsa “mphepete wofiira” (红镶边, hóng xiāngbiān) ndi masamba athunthu, akutseguka bwino; mu mitundu yachilengedwe ndi nthawi zina zidutswa za lichi wouma zimaoneka. Masamba ofanana, osalala, ong’ambika opanda mphepete wofiira — ndi chizindikiro choyipa (n’kutheka kusinthidwa ndi tii wobiriwira wotsika mtengo kapena kupakidwa utoto).
- Fufuzani kupirira pothira: Uulong weniweni umatseguka ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake pothira ndi kuthira, fungo la lichi limachepa mwachilengedwe pa kuthira kwa 3-4. Lopangidwa limatha kukhala ndi fungo lokhazikika, “lopangidwa” popanda kusintha kwa kukoma.
- Gulani kwa ogulitsa odalirika ndipo dziwani kuti mtengo wotsika kwambiri nthawi zambiri umasonyeza kununkhira kopangidwa.

12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:

“Mfumu ya zipatso”: Lichi ku China amatchedwa “mfumu ya zipatso” (果中之王, guǒ zhōng zhī wáng). Kulemekezedwa kwake kumachokera ku nthawi ya Han (pafupifupi mzaka za zana la 2 BC), pomwe chipatso chinapeza udindo wa umodzi mwa zipatso zolemekezeka, ndipo kulembedwa kwa mitundu yake mwadongosolo kumachokera pa zaka za zana la 11 (“Rejista ya Lichi” ya Cai Xiang, 1059).
Chogulitsidwa koposa mu Thailand: Lit Chii Uu Lungi kwa zaka zambiri wakhala umodzi mwa tii odziwika kwambiri pamsika wa Thailand — komweko amakhala m’gulu la tii omwe amadziwika ndi anthu amdera ndi alendo okhaokha.
Nyenyezi ndi mlendo: Mu mtundu wa uulong, lichi — ndi “nyenyezi”: maziko ofewa amaluwa amam’patsa chipatso malo oyamba. Mu mtundu wofiira (Lit Chii Hong Cha) zimakhala zosiyana — tii wofiira wamphamvu wa malt ndi uchi amagawana bwalo mofanana, ndipo lichi amamveka ngati “mlendo”.
Lichi wachilengedwe mu Dancong: Ena a ma Dancong aku Guangdong (mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa uchi ndi orchide 蜜兰香, mìlánxiāng) mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi manoti a zipatso ndi maluwa ofanana ndi lichi, — pa maziko amenewa kununkhira kumangowonjezera khalidwe lomwe lili kale.
Wokondedwa m’chilimwe m’kuzizira: Chifukwa cha utsi wopepuka ndi fungo lowala, Lit Chii Uu Lungi ngwabwino kwambiri pophikidwa m’madzi ozizira komanso ngati maziko a zakumwa za tii zosakaniza m’chilimwe — amapereka kutsekemera kwa zipatso popanda kulemera ndi kuwawa.

13. Mitundu Ya Lit Chii Uu Lungi:

Kusiyana kwakukulu mkati mwa gululi kumatsimikizidwa ndi kusankha maziko a uulong ndi njira ya kununkhira:

Pa maziko a Minnan (闽南乌龙): Ma uulong a Anxi (Tieguanyin, Benshan, mitundu yosakaniza 色种) a okisayidi wopepuka-apakati (~25–35%). Amapereka maziko amaluwa, ofewa, ochulukirapo pang’ono okhala ndi manoti a orchide, pomwe kutsekemera kwa lichi kumamveka mochuluka komanso mozungulira. Ndi mtundu wofala wamalonda.
Pa maziko a Taiwan (台湾乌龙): Wenshan Baozhong (okisayidi ~8–15%) ndi ma uulong okwera pamwamba, komanso Si Ji Chun — ndi maziko opuwuka kwambiri, atsopano, a maluwa. Chakumwa chimakhala chowala kwambiri komanso “chopanda mpweya”, lichi pano amamveka mwaulemu komanso moonekera.
Pa maziko a Fenghuang Dancong (凤凰单丛): Ndi maziko aku Guangdong okhala ndi fungo lambiri komanso lovuta, okisayidi wapakati-wapamwamba, nthawi zambiri amakhala kale ndi manoti awo a zipatso ndi uchi (蜜兰香). Lichi amalimbitsa mawonekedwe achirengedwe; mtundu umenewu ndi wosafala, koma wodziwika.
Kusakaniza ndi zopangira zina: Lichi + rozi, lichi + jasmine (kununkhira kosanjikizana), lichi + manoti a uchi — opanga amapanga magulu a fungo lovuta pa maziko a uulong.
Malinga ndi njira ya kununkhira: Kukakumana (窨制) — kumatenga nthawi yambiri, kumadziwika ndi premium; mafuta (调味) — ya ukadaulo komanso yotsika mtengo, yofala m’magulu akuluakulu ndi okhazikika. Ubwino wa zotsatira umadalira kwambiri kukhala kwachilengedwe kwa zopangira, osati njira yeniyeni.

14. Zowopsa Zimene Zingakhalepo:

Kusapirira payekha: Kukhala ndi chifuwa chamutu pa zipatso za lichi kapena zinthu za tii — ndi chodabwitsa, koma chotheka. Ngati muwona zizindikiro (kutupa pakhungu, kutupa, vuto la m’mimba) kuyenera kusiya kumwa.
Kukhudzidwa ndi caffeine: Ngakhale kuti mu uulong muli caffeine yochepa kuposa tii wofiira, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugona, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuthamanga kwa mtima, vuto la nkhawa ayenera kuchepetsa kumwa kapena kumwa tii nthawi ya m’mawa. Kuchuluka (makapu angapo motsatizana) kungayambitse kusakhazikika, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kusokonezeka kwa kugona.
Mimba ndi kuyamwitsa: Ndi bwino kuchepetsa kumwa (chitsogozo cha caffeine — osapitirira ~200 mg patsiku) ndi kuvomera ndi dokotala; kuchuluka kwa caffeine pa nthawi ya mimba sikoyenera.
Kuyamwa chitsulo: Ma tannins a tii amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo chosachokera ku heme — ndi bwino kumwa tii pakati pa chakudya, makamaka ngati muli ndi vuto la magazi ochepa kapena kusowa kwa chitsulo.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga: Mashuga achilengedwe kuchokera mu lichi (komanso shuga wowonjezeredwa muzakumwa zomwe zakonzedwa) amawonjezera khalori — anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kuganizira izi.
Kumwa padzala: Monga uulong aliyense, Lit Chii Uu Lungi ungakhudze mucous membrane ya m’mimba ngati umamwa padzala.

Pomaliza:

Lit Chii Uu Lungi ndi kuwerenga kopepuka komanso kwamaluwa kwa lingaliro lachikale la kumwera kwa China: kuphatikiza tii ndi lichi wonunkhira kwambiri wa kotentha. Mosiyana ndi mlongo wake “wofiira”, umamangidwa pa maziko a uulong wokhala ndi okisayidi pang’ono — ndipo chifukwa chake umapereka chakumwa cha golide-amber, osati chamtundu wa rubi, kutsekemera kwa zipatso “kopanda mpweya” mmalo mwa malt wolemera, kutsopano mmalo mwa kutentha kozizwitsa. Uwu ndi tii wa kuthira kwa gongfu ndi wa m’galasi yachilimwe yozizira nthawi imodzi: lichi pano ndi nyenyezi, ndipo maziko ofewa amaluwa a uulong amam’tumikira ngati chithunzi chabwino. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna zochitika za tii zonunkhira, zopepuka ndi zosangalatsa, Lit Chii Uu Lungi ndi kupezeka kowolowa manja komanso kotsitsimula, kukumbutsa kuti tii sangokhala wozama, komanso wokhala ndi dzuŵa.