Guāfēngzhài

Guafengzhai (刮风寨, Guāfēngzhài) ndi dera lake la Chipilala cha Chawangshu (茶王树, cháwángshù, “mtengo wa mfumu ya tiyi”) ndi awiri mwa malo ovuta kufikako komanso olemekezeka kwambiri pa mapu a tiyi a Yiwu (易武, Yìwǔ), kumene mitengo yakale imamera m’nkhalango yotetezedwa ya boma, ndipo mu kapu mumatuluka “chiwombankhanga” champhamvu cha kugunda kwa mapiri limodzi ndi fungo lapamwamba la uchi ndi maluwa.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

• Mtundu: sheng pu’er (生普洱, shēng pǔ’ěr), pu’er wobiriwira.
• Gulu: sheng wa phiri limodzi (纯料, chúnliào) wochokera ku Yiwu — mayina amsika ndi malo a madera, osati manambala osiyana a muyezo.
• Chiyambi: mudzi wa Guafengzhai, chigawo cha Yiwu (易武, Yìwǔ), boma la Mengla (勐腊), kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwenikweni kwa Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), pafupi ndi malire ndi Laos. Mudzi wa anthu a mtundu wa Yao (瑶族, yáozú) — zomwe sizichitika kawirikawiri pakati pa midzi yotchuka ya tiyi ya Yiwu.
• Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri: mitengo yakale yabwino kwambiri imamera m’nkhalango ya boma (国有林, guóyǒulín) — osati m’minda yobzalidwa kapena m’minda yapakhomo, koma mitengo ya tiyi yomwe ili m’nkhalango yoyamba.
• Madera ang’onoang’ono (pamsika amatengedwa ngati malonda osiyana):
  • 茶王树 cháwángshù — malo otchuka kwambiri komanso okwera mtengo; mu kaundula amatchulidwa padera ngati 片区 (kagawo kakang’ono) kapamwamba ka Guafengzhai;
  • 白沙河 báishāhé (“mtsinje wa mchenga woyera”);
  • 冷水河 lěngshuǐhé (“mtsinje wa madzi ozizira”).

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika kwa Chikhalidwe:

• Yiwu ndi mtima wa mbiri yakale ya pu’er: m’mbiri, kuchokera kuno ndi kumapiri akale oyandikana nawo ndi kumene tiyi ankayenda pa “njira ya tiyi ndi akavalo”, ndipo kunalinso kumene zinthu zabwino kwambiri zinkabwera munthawi yotukuka kwa nyumba zogulitsa tiyi zachinsinsi.
• Kutchuka kwamakono kwa Guafengzhai n’kwatsopano. Kwa nthawi yayitali, uwu unali mudzi wakutali wa a Yao, womwe zinthu zake za m’nkhalango zinali mthunzi wa midzi yodziwika bwino.
• Kukwera kwa chidwi ndi “nkhalango ya boma” ndi ma sheng a phiri limodzi oyera mu nthawi ya tiyi ya pu’er ya boutique kunatulutsa Guafengzhai — makamaka Chawangshu — mu gulu lapamwamba la mitengo ndi mbiri ya Yiwu.
• Masiku ano mayina akuti 茶王树, 白沙河 ndi 冷水河 amagwira ntchito ngati zizindikiro za kulondola kwa malo: kwa osonkhanitsa amatanthauza nkhalango yeniyeni, tinjira teniteni ndi kachitidwe kake ka kakomedwe, osati “Yiwu wamba” chabe.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

• Zopangira: gǔshù (古树), mitengo yakale ya mtundu wa Assam wamasamba otambalika, wodziwika ku Yiwu ndi kumapiri asanu ndi limodzi akale a tiyi.
• Pokula m’nkhalango ya boma popanda kuduliridwa ndi feteleza, mitengo imapatsa zokolola zazing’ono, ndipo masamba ake amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika cha nkhalango.
• Zotsatira zazikulu za chiyambi:
  • kuchuluka kochepa — kufika kovuta m’minda ndi mawonekedwe a nkhalango yotetezedwa kumachepetsa kusonkha;
  • yěyùn (野韵) wamphamvu — kuzama kwakuthengo, kozizira kwa kakomedwe;
  • fungo lapamwamba — ngakhale kuli “kothengo”, mawonekedwe ake amakhalabe okometsera komanso onga uchi ndi maluwa, zomwe zimasiyanitsa Yiwu ndi madera owawa kwambiri a Banzhang.

4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima:

• Mudzi weniweni umangokhala ngati maziko: minda yeniyeni ya tiyi ndi yamwazikana kutali m’mapiri, ndipo kufika kumeneko kumatenga maola ambiri kuyenda munjira zovuta.
• Mitengo yakale yabwino kwambiri yakhala moyandikana ndi zomera zamtchire kwa zaka makumi ambiri popanda kulowerera kwa munthu: chotchingira chowirira chachilengedwe, kanyontho kakang’ono, chisanu chakuda cha nkhalango ndi pafupifupi kusowa kwaulimi.
• Ndi malo amenewa omwe amapanga zomwe oyeserera a Yiwu amatcha yěyùn (野韵) — “machitidwe akuthengo”: chisautso cha nkhalango, chozizira, chachilendo, chomwe kulibe mu tiyi wamunda.
• Chawangshu ndi yotchuka kwambiri pa ubwino ndi mtengo motero kuti mu kaundula imatchulidwa padera ngati 片区 (kagawo kakang’ono) kapamwamba ka Guafengzhai.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Guafengzhai ndi Chawangshu ndi sheng pu’er (生普洱, shēng pǔ’ěr), wopangidwa motsatira ukadaulo wachikale wa Yiwu. Njira yodziwika bwino ya zopangira tiyi wobiriwira wa pu’er (毛茶, máochá):

1. 采摘 cǎizhāi — kusonkha masamba ang’onoang’ono kuchokera ku mitengo yakale;
2. 萎凋 / 摊晾 — kufowoketsa ndi kuyala kuti chinyezi chichepetseko pang’ono;
3. 杀青 shāqīng — kuwumitsa mu wok pa kutentha kwapakati, kuletsa kusanduka kwa mtundu, koma kusunga mphamvu ya enzyme kuti ikalipire mtsogolo;
4. 揉捻 róuniǎn — kupota-pota kupanga mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi kutulutsa timadzi;
5. 晒青 shàiqīng — kuumitsa padzuwa, zomwe zimapanga mtundu wa “dzuwa” wa zopangira shàiqīng máochá (晒青毛茶), zoyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali;
6. 压饼 — kuthira nthunzi ndi kukanikiza kukhala mapeyala (饼, bǐng) kapena mawonekedwe ena achikale.

Zopangira za Guafengzhai kaŵirikaŵiri zimatulutsidwa ngati za phiri limodzi (纯料, chúnliào) — popanda kusakaniza, kuti chizindikiritso cha malowa chisungidwe, makamaka ngati nkhani ndi ya Chawangshu.

6. Zizindikiro za Kununkhira ndi Kakomedwe:

Mawonekedwe a Guafengzhai amakhazikika pa kusiyana pakati pa kuzama kwakuthengo ndi fungo lapamwamba:

• fungo — lodziwika bwino huāmìxiāng (花蜜香), la uchi ndi maluwa, loyandama;
• kukhuthala ndi machitidwe — yěyùn (野韵) wamphamvu, kuzizira kwa nkhalango, kumva ngati mphamvu ya “kumapiri”;
• kakomedwe kakam’kamwa pambuyo — kotalika, ndi kutsekemera kobwereranso.

Chawangshu imakweza mlingo: amamufotokozera ngati 花果蜜香高扬 (fungo lalitali la maluwa, zipatso ndi uchi) pamene 汤厚气强 — kumwa kothithikana, kodzaza ndi cháqì (茶气) yodziwika bwino, mphamvu ya tiyi. Kuphatikiza uku kwa chisomo ndi mphamvu kumapangitsa Chawangshu kukhala amodzi mwa malo apamwamba kwambiri a Yiwu pamodzi ndi Bohetang.

9. Kupanga Tiyi:

Malangizo a kapangidwe (njira ya gōngfū):

• ziwiya — gaiwan kapena teapot ya Yixing; mulingo woyenera pafupifupi 7 – 8 g pa 100 – 120 ml;
• madzi — ofewa, kutentha pafupifupi 95 – 100 °C kwa mitengo yakale;
• kuthira mwachangu kochapa, kenako kuthira kwaufupi ndi kuwonjezera nthawi pang’onopang’ono;
• mitengo yakale ya Guafengzhai imapirira kuthira kambiri, pang’onopang’ono kutulutsa kutsekemera ndi kuzama kwa nkhalango; musapitirize kuthira koyamba, kuti musaphimbe fungo labwino.

11. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo:

Miyeso ya GB/T. Pu’er monga gulu imayendetsedwa ndi muyezo wadziko la China pa tiyi wa pu’er (muyezo wa dzina la malo a malonda “Pu’er”), umene umatanthauzira sheng ndi shu ngati mitundu iwiri, umafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira zamasamba otambalika zoumitsidwa ndi dzuwa zochokera ku dera lovomerezeka la Yunnan ndipo umapereka magawo a kununkhira, kakomedwe ndi thupi ndi mankhwala. Guafengzhai ndi Chawangshu zikugwirizana ndi izi monga pu’er wobiriwira wochokera ku Yiwu. Mayina a m’mudzi monga “刮风寨” kapena “茶王树” ndi mayina amsika ndi malo a madera mkati mwa Yiwu, osati manambala osiyana a muyezo; 唛号 yeniyeni kapena nambala ina yachinsinsi siinaperekedwe pa mulingo wa mudzi weniweniwo.

Zikhumbo zakumvetsetsa zenizeni ndi malo m’ndondomeko:

• chiyambi kuchokera ku nkhalango ya boma — Guafengzhai yeniyeni imakhala ndi yěyùn wa nkhalango, wozizira; kufewa kwa munda weniweni kopanda kuzama kwakuthengo kuyenera kukayikitsa;
• kayendedwe ka “kuthengo + uchi” — kusiyana ndi kuwawa kwa Banzhang ndi a Yiwu a munda ofewa kotheratu: pano mphamvu imagwirizana ndi fungo lapamwamba la maluwa ndi uchi;
• Chawangshu motsutsana ndi Guafengzhai ena onse — Chawangshu ili ndi fungo lapamwamba ndipo “loyandama”, thupi ndi lolimba, cháqì ndi yodziwika; ichi ndi pamwamba pa timadera tating’ono ta mudzi ndipo, motero, pamwamba pa mitengo;
• kuchuluka kochepa ndi mtengo — magulu akuluakulu otsika mtengo a “Chawangshu yeniyeni” ndi okayikitsa malinga ndi ziwerengero: nkhalango yotetezedwa ndi kayendetsedwe kovuta kamachepetsa kusonkha.

12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:

• Malo mu dongosolo la Yiwu: pafupi pa mulingo ndi chikhalidwe pali Mahei (chitsanzo cha “韵” ya Yiwu yofewa yotsekemera yachikale) ndi Wangong (chimake cha mbiri ya Mansa); mnansi wosoweka kwambiri ndi Bohetang ndi kuzizira kwake kofanana ndi timinti. Kumvetsetsa anansiwa kumathandizira kulinganiza ziyembekezo kuchokera ku Guafengzhai.
• Guafengzhai ndi Chawangshu ndi mfundo yakuti kufika kovuta kwa malo kumadziwikiratu mu kapu: nkhalango imapereka kuthengo ndi kuzizira, mitengo yakale imapereka kuzama ndi kutalika, ndipo mwambo wa Yiwu umapereka fungo lapamwamba la uchi ndi maluwa, limene osonkhanitsa amayenda maola ambiri pa tinjira kupita ku nkhalango ya boma ya Mengla.