gòngxī

贡熙 (gòngxī) ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale yotumizira kunja ya tiyi wobiriwira waku China wokazinga (chǎoqīng, 炒青), yomwe inkadziwika ku Ulaya m’zaka za zana la 18 ndi dzina loti Hyson ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi dzina lakuti 熙春 (xīchūn). Masiku ano, ndi gulu lazamalonda mkati mwa banja la méi chá ndi zhū chá, osati tiyi wina wa “wolemba”.

Malo mu Dongosolo la Tiyi Wobiriwira

Kuti mumvetsetse 贡熙, muyenera kuiyika pamzere wa masanjidwe azamalonda. Mzere waukulu wa tiyi wobiriwira wotumizira kunja ku China ndi mabanja awiri akulu a tiyi wokazinga: méi chá (眉茶, méichá) ndi tsamba lalitali lopiringizika ndi zhū chá (珠茶, zhūchá, gunpowder) ndi tsamba lopiringizika ngati mipira. Poyeretsa ndi kusanja tiyi wosakhwima (máochá), fakitale imagawa mulu wake m’magiredi oyerengedwa.

Mu mzere wa méi chá, magiredi amasanjidwa motsika kukula ndi kuyanana kwa tsamba: 特珍 (tèzhēn, Special Chunmee), 珍眉 (zhēnméi, Chunmee), 凤眉 (fèngméi), 雨茶 (yǔchá), 贡熙 (gòngxī) ndi 秀眉 (xiùméi). Mu mzere wa zhū chá, mofananamo amatulutsa tizigawo tawo — gunpowder yokhayokha, komanso 雨茶, 贡熙 ndi 秀眉. Choncho, 贡熙 si malo amene amamera kapena njira yopangira, koma malo mu gridi yosanjira: ndi chimodzi mwa zotsalira zomwe zimapezeka poyeretsa tiyi wokazinga ngati wautali kapena wozungulira.

Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa 贡熙 (Hyson) ndi 雨茶 (yǔchá, Young Hyson). 雨茶 ndi katsamba kakang’ono kopiringizika komwe kamatsalira poyeretsa, komwe mbiri yake inkapita ku Ulaya ndi dzina loti Young Hyson, “Hyson wamng’ono”. Magirediwa amakhala oyandikana mu unyolo womwewo wa teknoloji ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa pamodzi.

Chigawo ndi Chiyambi

Popeza ndi giredi yosanjira, 贡熙 samangokhala ku chigawo chimodzi — amaperekedwa ndi madera omwe amapanga méi chá ndi zhū chá. Malo oyambirira a kupanga kumeneku ndi “katatu” a zigawo za Zhejiang, Anhui ndi Jiangxi (浙皖赣), komwe kunakhazikitsidwa tiyi wobiriwira wakale wotumizira kunja:

• 屯绿 (túnlǜ, Tunlu) kuchokera ku Tunxi ndi Xiuning ku Anhui — méi chá yakale yotumizira kunja ya Huizhou, yomwe inali m’gulu lodziwika bwino la “祁红屯绿” (qí hóng ndi tún lǜ).
• 婺绿 / 饶绿 (wùlǜ / ráolǜ) kuchokera ku Wuyuan ndi Shangrao ku Jiangxi — komwe amanena kuti “茶不到婺源不香” (“tiyi sangakhale onunkhira popanda kufika ku Wuyuan”).
• 遂绿 / 杭绿 / 温绿 (suìlǜ / hánglǜ / wēnlǜ) — méi chá yaikulu ya ku Zhejiang.
• 平水珠茶 (píngshuǐ zhūchá) kuchokera kudera la Pingshui pafupi ndi Shaoxing (Zhejiang) — chizindikiro cha gunpowder, yomwe poyeretsa imaperekanso giredi ya 贡熙.

Madera amenewa ali m’zigawo zotentha za mapiri a Kum’mawa kwa China komwe kuli chifunga, dothi la acidic ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana — zinthu zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe a tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wothithikana, wa “mgoza” (lìxiāng, 栗香).

Zopangira ndi Mitundu Yobzalidwa

贡熙 sagwirizana ndi mtundu umodzi weniweni wa chitsamba. Zopangira za méi chá ndi zhū chá zotumizira kunja mwachizolowezi ndi mitundu yachibadwidwe ya m’deralo (群体种) ya madera a tiyi omwe atchulidwa. Popeza 贡熙 amapangidwa panthawi yoyeretsa kuchokera mu mulu wonse wa tsamba, “nkhope yake yamtundu” imatsimikiziridwa kwambiri ndi gawo la tsamba ndi dera, osati mtundu wina wa chitsamba. Izi zimamusiyanitsa ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa “wolemba” wodziwika bwino, kumene mtundu wa chitsamba ndi malo amazindikiridwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Tekinoloje

Kukonza kumatsata ndondomeko yonse ya tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga (chǎoqīng). Popanga tiyi wosakhwima koyambirira, tsamba limadutsa kukhazikika ndi kutentha (杀青), kupiringizika ndi kukazinga-kuuma. Kwa méi chá, njira yodziwika bwino ndi ya tsamba “lokazinga lalitali” (长炒青), pomwe kwa zhū chá ndi “lokazinga lozungulira” (圆炒青), momwe tsamba limapiringizika kukhala mipira yothithikana.

Gawo lofunika kwambiri poonekera 贡熙 ndi kuyeretsa (精制) tiyi wosakhwima. Apa amagwiritsa ntchito:

• kusefa ndi kuyerengera miyeso (筛分),
• kulekanitsa mwa liwiro la mphepo potengera kulemera ndi kuthithikana (风扇),
• kusankha pamanja ndi makina zotsalira zosafunikira (拣剔),
• kuumitsa komaliza-”kumaliza ndi moto” (扑火).

M’kati mwa ndondomekoyi, mulu wonse umagawidwa m’magiredi kutengera utali, makulidwe ndi kuyanana kwa kupiringizika. 贡熙 amatulutsidwa ngati gawo limodzi, atenga malo mu mzere wa méi chá pakati pa 雨茶 ndi katsamba kakang’ono kopepuka kotsalira kotchedwa 秀眉.

Miyezo ndi Muyeso

贡熙 ndi wa dongosolo la miyeso yamalonda ya tiyi wobiriwira wotumizira kunja, momwe mitundu ya méi chá ndi zhū chá imasanjidwa motsika ubwino ndi kukula. Mu dongosolo la méi chá, ndondomeko ndi iyi: 特珍 → 珍眉 → 凤眉 → 雨茶 → 贡熙 → 秀眉. Kwa zhū chá, mofananamo amayenda gunpowder yokhayokha, 雨茶, 贡熙 ndi 秀眉.

Manambala enieni a miyezo yomwe ikugwira ntchito ndi ma code amalonda (唛号) a 贡熙 sanaperekedwe m’zinthu zofufuzira, choncho asiyidwa mwadala pano. Ndikokwanira kuzindikira mfundo yakuti: 贡熙 ndi giredi yoyeretsedwa, osati chinthu choyambirira, ndipo malo ake mu maudindo amatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za kusanja.

Kukoma ndi Kuwira

Mawonekedwe a 贡熙 amatengera chikhalidwe chonse cha tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa dera lake. Mtundu woyambirira wa méi chá ndi fungo la mgoza (lìxiāng), tsamba louma lobiriwira-bonyezimira (lǜrùn, 绿润), madzi ochuluka ndi amphamvu (chúnhòu, 醇厚). Magiredi a zhū chá amadziwika ndi kulimba kwawo pakuwiritsa mobwerezabwereza (耐泡), chomwe chimatengeredwanso ndi gawo la 贡熙 lochokera ku tiyi wozungulira.

Zitsogozo zothandiza pakuwira tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wamtundu uwu:

• madzi pafupifupi 80 – 85 °C, kuti asawotche obiriwirawo kukhala owawa;
• muyeso wochepa, nthawi yapakatikati yotsikamo;
• kuwiramo kochepa kangapo — tsamba lothithikana lopiringizika limatsekuka pang’onopang’ono.

Popeza 贡熙 adapangidwa ngati chinthu chambiri chotumizira kunja, ubwino wake m’mbiri yakale unali mu mphamvu yodalirika ndi kukhazikika kwa madzi ake, osati mu kununkhira kwapadera kwa zokolola zapamwamba za masika.

Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe

Dzina lakuti Hyson ndi limodzi mwa mayina akale kwambiri mu malonda a Ulaya ndi America a tiyi waku China. M’zaka za zana la 18, tiyi wobiriwira pansi pa mayina akuti “熙春” ndi “贡熙” (xīchūn, gòngxī) anafalikira kwambiri ku Ulaya. Dzina lenileni 熙春 limatanthauza “masika ofufuma, otukuka,” pomwe 贡 (“misonkho, choperekedwa”) limawonjezera ku giredi lingaliro la kusankhidwa. Mofananamo, panalinso dzina loti Young Hyson — lomwe mu dongosolo la China limafanana ndi giredi ya 雨茶.

Mayinawa ndi a nthawi imene tiyi wobiriwira waku China anali chinthu chachikulu chotumizira kunja pa malonda a panyanja, ndipo ogula a ku Ulaya ndi America ankagwiritsa ntchito mayina awoawo amalonda a magiredi — Hyson, Young Hyson ndi ena. 贡熙 / 熙春 adakhazikika ngati chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha tiyi wobiriwira wa nthawi imeneyo. Popita nthawi, tiyi wobiriwira wotumizira kunja womwe unayamba kutchuka kwambiri unakhala Chun Mee (珍眉) ndi msika waukulu ku North ndi West Africa, makamaka ku Morocco, pomwe dzina lakale la ku Ulaya loti Hyson linasunthika kukhala gulu la mbiri yakale komanso losawerengeka.

Momwe Mungasiyanitsire

Zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kuti musasokoneze 贡熙 ndi mfundo zoyandikana nayo:

• 贡熙 ≠ tiyi wa dera. Iyi ndi giredi yosanjira ya tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga, osati dzina la malo (mosiyana ndi 屯绿, 婺绿, 平水珠茶).
• 贡熙 vs 雨茶 (Young Hyson). Onsewa ndi magiredi oyeretsedwa a mizere yoyandikana; 雨茶 amafotokozedwa ngati katsamba kakang’ono kopiringizika kotsalira, Young Hyson wa m’mbiri.
• 贡熙 vs 珍眉 (Chunmee). 珍眉 ndi giredi yaikulu, yayikulu komanso yoyanana ya méi chá yokhala ndi msika waukulu wotumizira kunja; 贡熙 ali m’munsi mu mzere ndipo m’mbiri ananyamula dzina lapadera la ku Ulaya loti Hyson.
• 贡熙 wochokera ku méi chá vs wochokera ku zhū chá. Giredi imodzimodziyi imatha kuchokera ku kuyeretsa tiyi wautali wokazinga (眉茶) ndi wozungulira wokazinga (珠茶); pachiyankhulo chachiwiri, imatengera kulimba kwa madzi omwe kumadziwika ndi gunpowder.

M’mawu ena, mukawona liwu loti Hyson m’makatalogi akale, muyenera kuliwerenga ngati dzina lakale lamalonda la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga, lomwe mu dongosolo lamakono la China limafanana ndi magiredi a 贡熙 ndi 熙春.