dàidài huā chá · thetea.app

Tiyi yonunkhiritsidwa, yomwe maziko ake a tiyi wobiriwira amadzazidwa ndi fungo la maluwa oyera a lalanje wowawa wa daidai. Pakati pa tiyi wamaluwa waku China (huā chá 花茶), uyu ndi wapadera: fungo lake silopha komanso lotsekemera ngati la jasmine, koma ndi latsopano, lowawa ngati zipatso za citrus, lokhala ndi kachikomo kakang’ono ka utomoni.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: tiyi wonunkhiritsidwa (wamaluwa) — huā chá (花茶).
Gulu: tiyi wamaluwa wa m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze pa maziko obiriwira, wodzazidwa ndi fungo la maluwa a lalanje wowawa wa daidai.
Chiyambi cha dzina: zilembo 玳玳 (dàidài) nthawi zambiri zimalembedwanso ngati 代代 — kutanthauza “m’badwo ndi m’badwo”. Dzinali likutengera mkhalidwe wa mtengo womwewo: zipatso zake sizigwa nthawi yomweyo, koma zimakhala panthambi kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, kotero kuti mipira yakupsa yachikuda ndi chipatso chaching’ono chatsopano, ndipo nthawi zina maluwa atsopano, zimapezeka pamodzi pa khungwa limodzi. Apa ndiye pakubwera chifanizo cha “mibadwo ingapo pa mtengo umodzi”, chomwe chinasanduka kukhala chikhumbo cha kupitirira kwa banja. Tanthauzo lachisangalalo limeneli ndilomwe linakhazikitsa daidai ngati chomera chokongoletsa ndi chophiphiritsa m’minda ya kumwera kwa China.
Chiyambi cha mbiri ya zopangira: zopangira maluwa ndi tiyi womalizidwa m’mbiri zimakhudzana makamaka ndi m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze. Likulu lalikulu la kupanga amati ndi Suzhou (苏州) m’chigawo cha Jiangsu — likulu lakale la tiyi wamaluwa waku China, komwe kupanga tiyi wa jasmine ndi mitundu ina yonunkhiritsidwa kunayenderana.
Malo olimako: maluwa a daidai ankalimidwanso m’madera ozungulira a Zhejiang, ndipo lalanje wowawa monga mbewu amapezeka kwambiri kumwera, kuphatikiza Fujian ndi Guangdong. Mlembi akusiya funso la kugawidwa kwenikweni kwa minda yamakono m’madera chifukwa chosowa gwero lotsimikizika la m’makampani.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:

Chomera chimene chimachokera fungo lake: zopangira ndi maluwa a lalanje wowawa (wowawawawawa) — Citrus aurantium L., mtundu womwe m’mwambo waku China umatchedwa 玳玳 / 代代. Uwu ndi mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse wa zipatso za citrus kapena chitsamba chachikulu cha banja la Rutaceae chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira kwambiri ochindikala ndi mphukira zamingo.
Kutulutsa maluwa: kumapeto kwa masika — makamaka mu May, nthawi zina kumafika koyambirira kwa June; maluwa ndi oyera, onyezimira ngati sera, ang’onoang’ono komanso onunkhira kwambiri, mawonekedwe awo ali ngati a zipatso za citrus wamba, okhala ndi zidutswa zisanu zamaluwa ndi mulu wandiweyani wa zingwe zaungamuna.
Zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: pa tiyi amagwiritsa ntchito maluwa enieni (花 huā). Mafuta onunkhira a maluwa a lalanje wowawa mu mafuta onunkhiritsa amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti “neroli”, ndipo mkhalidwe watsopano wa citrus, wokhala ndi timiyala tating’ono ta uchi ndi wowawa wa fungo limeneli umawonekera mwachindunji mu tiyi womalizidwa. Zipatso zosapsa za mtundu womwewu m’mwambo waku China zimadziwika ndi mayina ena amalonda, koma zilibe kanthu ndi tiyi wamaluwa.
Maziko a tiyi: monga momwe zilili ndi tiyi wambiri wamaluwa wa m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze, maziko ake nthawi zambiri amakhala tiyi wobiriwira wa mtundu wouma (wouma mu uvuni) — hōngqīng (烘青): tiyi wosakaniza wamasamba omwe amatha kusunga bwino fungo lachilendo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kotsekuka, kosakulungidwa mwamphamvu. Maziko obiriwira sanasankhidwe mwangozi: kukoma kwake kwenikweni sikulowerera ndipo kumakhala ngati udzu ndipo sikutsutsana ndi fungo la citrus la maluwa, koma kumangolithandiza. Pali mitundu inanso pa maziko ena, koma ndi tiyi wobiriwira wouma umene umadziwika kuti ndiwo woyenera wa daidai.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

Mfundo ya kupanga ndi yofanana ndi ya tiyi wina wamaluwa, ndipo imakhazikika pa kuthekera kwa tiyi womalizidwa kuyamwa zinthu zosakhazikika zonunkhira — njirayi mu Chitchaina amatchedwa yìnhuā (窨花), “kudzazidwa ndi maluwa”.

Malingaliro onse ndi awa:

maluwa amatoleredwa m’nyengo ya maluwa, makamaka masamba ndi maluwa omwe angotuluka kumene, pamene kutulutsa fungo kumakhala kokwanira;
maziko a tiyi wobiriwira okonzedwa amasakanizidwa mosanjikiza ndi maluwa atsopano ndikusiyidwa kuti apumule, kuti tsamba lidzaze mafuta osakhazikika;
pamene maluwa “akutulutsa” fungo lake ndikuyamba kunyowa, kusakanizaku kumapukutidwa kuti kutentha ndi chinyezi zichoke ndikupewa kuti tsamba lisatenthedwe ndi nthunzi;
maluwa omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito amachotsedwa (gawo ili nthawi zambiri limatchedwa 起花 qǐhuā), ndipo tiyi wodzazidwa ndi fungo amawumitsidwanso, kubwezeretsa chinyezi choyenera;
kuti fungo likhale lokwanira komanso lokhalitsa, kuzungulira kodziwadza ndi maluwa atsopano kumatha kubwerezedwa kangapo.

Mu mitundu ina ya tiyi womalizidwa, maluwa owuma a daidai amasiyidwa pang’ono mu tiyi — monga chokongoletsera ndi gwero lowonjezera la fungo pothira madzi; mwa zina, maluwa amangotumikira ngati choperekera fungo ndipo amachotsedwa muzokolola zomalizidwa. Kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa kudzazidwa, kuchuluka kwa maluwa pa muyeso wa tiyi, ndi momwe zinthu zimawumitsidwira zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi opanga osiyanasiyana; mlembi sapereka magawo enieni aukadaulo chifukwa chosowa gwero lotsimikizika la mfundo zoyendetsera.

6. Makhalidwe a Kukhudza Ziwalo:

Tiyi wouma: amatulutsa fungo lozizira la citrus ndi maluwa: latsopano, lopendekeka pang’ono, lokhala ndi kuwawa kwa neroli ndi kachikomo kakang’ono ka utomoni pansi — osati kotsekemera ndi “konena ngati mafuta onunkhiritsa” monga jasmine, ndipo chifukwa cha zimenezi amaoneka ngati wokhwima kwambiri.
Madzi a tiyi: nthawi zambiri amakhala owala, achikasu wobiriwira.
Kukoma: kumphweka kwa udzu kwa maziko obiriwira ndi kuwawa kwapadera kochepa kwa maluwa a lalanje wowawa kumaphatikizana, zomwe pamapeto pake zimasanduka kukoma koziziritsa, kotsitsimutsa pambuyo pomeza.

8. Ubwino Wake:

Daidai ndi wabwino kumwa popanda zowonjezera; kuwawa kwake kochepa kumamupangitsa kukhala woyenera pambuyo pa chakudya.

9. Kupiza Tiyi:

Malangizo a kupiza tiyi amakhazikika pa maziko obiriwira:

Chotengeramo: gaiwan yagalasi kapena ya porcelain kapena galasi lalitali, lolola kuwona tsamba ndi maluwa.
Kutentha kwa madzi: kotentha pang’ono, kuzungulira 80 – 85 °C, kuti lisapse maziko obiriwira ndi kupangitsa kuwawa kukhala kothina.
Mlingo: pafupifupi 3 g a tiyi pa 150 ml a madzi, kenako malinga ndi momwe amakondera.
Nthawi: madzi oyamba amakhala a kanthawi kochepa, otsatirawa amakhala motalikirapo pang’ono; tiyi amapirira kuthiridwa kangapo, pang’onopang’ono kutulutsa fungo la maluwa loyera kwambiri.

11. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo:

Momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi zoyenera kuyang’anira:

Fungo. Daidai weniweni amadziwika ndi fungo latsopano, lozizira la citrus ndi maluwa lokhala ndi kuwawa kochepa kwa neroli — awa si fungo lotsekemera la jasmine, koma fungo lokhwima kwambiri komanso “lobiriwira” mwachikhalidwe.
Kuyera kwa fungo. Fungo liyenera kumveka ngati lamaluwa amoyo, popanda kununkha kwa fumbi, kupindika, kapena “kutenthedwa ndi nthunzi”, zomwe zimasonyeza kusokonezeka kwa ndondomeko ya kudzazidwa kapena kuumitsa.
Tsamba la maziko. Maziko abwino obiriwira amakhala olingana, oyera, opanda zinyalala zambiri ndi fumbi; kukhalapo kwa maluwa oyera owuma mwaudongo kumaloledwa ngati chizindikiro cha mitundu ina, koma kuchuluka kwa “zinyalala” zamaluwa mwako sikumatsimikizira fungo — fungo lenileni limakhala makamaka m’tsamba.
Madzi a tiyi. Owala, osalala, achikasu wobiriwira; kukhala ndi matope ndi mtundu wakuda ndi chizindikiro choopsa.
Khalidwe pothiridwa. Tiyi wabwino wamaluwa amatulutsa fungo lake pang’onopang’ono ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu kwa kupiza kangapo; tiyi womwe “umatha” mofulumira ndi fungo lothina la kamphindi kakang’ono ukhoza kusonyeza konunkhiritsa kopanda kuzama.

Pali chinthu chinanso chofunika: musasokoneze maluwa enieni a daidai monga zopangira zophikira madzi a zitsamba ndi tiyi weniweni wonunkhiritsidwa: choyamba amapiza maluwa owuma okha, chachiwiri — tiyi wobiriwira, wodzazidwa ndi fungo lawo.

12. Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi:

Miyezo. Tiyi wokhala ndi maluwa a daidai ndi wa m’gulu la tiyi wonunkhiritsidwa (wamaluwa) m’magulu achi China. Pa mitundu ina ya gulu ili pali miyezo yadziko ya GB/T (yodziwika kwambiri ndi muyezo wa tiyi wa jasmine). Kukhalapo kwa muyezo wapadera wadziko wa dàidài huā chá, komanso nambala yake, sikudziwika mokhazikika kwa mlembi, chifukwa chake zidziwitso zenizeni za GB/T sizinatchulidwe pano mwadala. M’machitidwe, khalidwe limayesedwa ndi zizindikiro zomwezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tiyi wina wamaluwa: kuyera ndi kutsopano kwa fungo, kufanana ndi kudongosolo kwa tsamba la maziko, kusalala kwa madzi a tiyi, ndi kusakhalapo kwa fungo lachilendo.
Mbiri ndi chikhalidwe. Tiyi wamaluwa monga luso linakhazikika m’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze ndipo linakula m’mafakitale ku Suzhou, kumene kudzazidwa kwa tsamba lobiriwira ndi fungo la maluwa kunasanduka katswiri wa kumaloko. Pankhani ya jasmine yomwe inali yofala kwambiri, daidai anatenga malo a fungo lodziletsa kwambiri, la citrus. Tanthauzo lachisangalalo la 代代 — “kuyambira m’badwo ndi m’badwo” — linamupatsa kulemera kowonjezereka kwa chikhalidwe: onse awiri mtengo, ndi tiyi ndi maluwa ake ankalumikizidwa ndi lingaliro la ubwino wautali, wosalekeza wa banja. Mtengo wa daidai womwewo unkalemekezedwanso ngati chokongoletsa m’munda, zomwe zinalimbikitsa kupezeka kwake m’miyoyo ya mizinda yakumwera.