huā chá pī

Tiyi ya jasmine siyimayambira ndi maluwa, koma ndi maziko ake — huā chá pī (花茶坯), tiyi yobiriwira yokonzedwa mwapadera yomwe ilandira fungo la jasmine. Nkhaniyi ndi yokhudza gulu la hōngqīng (烘青绿茶) monga choyambira chopangira ndi malo omwe limakhala mu ulalo wa tiyi zosinthidwanso — zài jiāgōng (再加工).

Kodi 花茶坯 ndi chiyani

Mawu akuti huā chá pī kumasulira kwenikweni amatanthauza ‘chopangira (坯) cha tiyi yamaluwa.’ Sikuti ndi mtundu wazinthu wodziyimira pawokha woti uziphikidwa mwachindunji, koma ndi ntchito yake: mulu wa tiyi yobiriwira, wopangidwa ndi kusankhidwa ndendende kuti pambuyo pake udzazedwe ndi fungo — nthawi zambiri la jasmine. Mu ndondomeko yathu ya mitundu yazinthu ya tiyi yobiriwira, maziko amenewa amadutsa pa chizindikiritso cha gulu loyambira hōngqīng (烘青, ‘yowotcha mu uvuni’), ndipo chinthu chomalizidwa — mòlì huā chá (茉莉花茶, tiyi ya jasmine) — ndi cha m’gulu la zài jiāgōng.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa huā chá pī ndi tiyi yobiriwira yomwera ndikuti fungo lake lomwe limapangidwa mwadala ndi loponderezedwa. Njira yowotcha mu uvuni ya hōngqīng imakhala ndi fungo lochepa poyerekeza ndi yokazinga chǎoqīng (炒青) — ndipo mkhalidwe umenewu ndi womwe umapangitsa kuti ikhale ‘chinsalu’ chabwino kwambiri: masamba a tiyi sayenera kupikisana ndi maluwa, koma kutenga ndi kusunga fungo lake.

Malo ndi zopangira

Malo omwe amapangira maziko a huā chá pī ndi aakulu ndipo amagwirizana ndi zigawo zazikulu za tiyi yobiriwira: Fujian (闽), Zhejiang (浙), Anhui (皖) ndi Sichuan (川). Izi ndi zomveka chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka katundu ndi mbiriyakale — maziko ayenera kupangidwa kumene kuli zopangira tiyi yobiriwira zochuluka, komanso mwambo wopaka fungo ndi maluwa pambuyo pake.

Mosiyana ndi tiyi zodziwika bwino zobiriwira zachidziwikire (Túnlǜ 屯绿, Wùlǜ 婺绿 ndi mayina ena amalonda achigawo 商品名), maziko a jasmine samagulitsidwa ndi chiyambi chodziwika bwino. Phindu lake ndi laukadaulo: kusasinthika kwa masamba, kuyera, kuthekera kolandira ndi kusunga fungo. Chifukwa chake, kusankhidwa kwa zopangira kumayang’ana pa ntchito yake, osati pa ‘siginecha ya chigawo.’

Kuchoka ku 炒青 kupita ku 烘青: chifukwa chake maziko owotcha mu uvuni

M’gulu la tiyi yobiriwira malinga ndi njira yomalizira kukonza, pakati pa zina, timasiyanitsa chǎoqīng (炒青, yokazinga) ndi hōngqīng (烘青, yowotcha mu uvuni). Tiyi zokazinga zimapereka fungo lodziwika bwino la chestnut (栗香) ndi madzi okhuthala, olemera (醇厚) — awa ndi mawonekedwe a tiyi yobiriwira yochuluka yophikidwa mwachindunji komanso ya ‘meicha’ yotumizidwa kunja. Kupanga kwa hōngqīng (yowotcha mu uvuni) kumapereka mkhalidwe wofewa, wopanda ‘kukazinga’ kwambiri ndipo — chofunikira kwambiri — fungo lake lomwe limaponderezedwa.

Ndikwenikweni fungo lomwe limaponderezedwa limapangitsa hōngqīng kukhala maziko abwino: masamba amatenga zinthu zosasintha za fungo la jasmine pakukhudzana mobwerezabwereza ndi maluwa ndikusunga popanda kusemphana ndi fungo lake lomwe la kukazinga. Mwachidule: chǎoqīng idapangidwa kuti iziyankha yokha, hōngqīng — kuti ilandire mawu achilendo.

Ulalo wolumikiza wa 再加工: zomwe zimachitika ndi maziko

Pano huā chá pī imalowa m’gulu la zài jiāgōng — tiyi ‘zosinthidwanso’, kutanthauza tiyi zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku tiyi yomwe inali yomalizidwa kale kudzera munjira yowonjezera. Tiyi ya jasmine ndi njira ya ‘hōngqīng maziko + kudzaza ndi maluwa’ (烘青坯 + 窨花).

Mtima wamatekinoloje a njirayi ndi yìnhuā (窨花), kudzaza maziko a tiyi mosanjikiza ndi masamba atsopano a jasmine. Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta komanso yokhwima:

• maziko atsopano a tiyi ndi masamba a jasmine omwe angoyamba kumene kutuluka amayikidwa pamodzi, kuti masamba a tiyi atenge fungo losasintha la maluwa omwe akutuluka kwa maola angapo;
• maluwa omwe agwira kale ntchito amachotsedwa, maziko amawumitsidwa ngati pakufunika, kubwezeretsa mphamvu yake yotengera;
• kuzungulira kumabwerezedwa — kuchuluka kwa kubwereza kudzaza, kumakulitsa kuzama ndi kukhazikika kwa fungo ndikukweza kalasi ya tiyi yomalizidwa.

M’njira imeneyi, tiyi yoyambira yobiriwira, yomwe palokha ndi yochepa fungo, imasinthidwa kukhala mòlì huā chá — chinthu cha m’gulu losiyana kotheratu ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogula. Ili ndilo tanthauzo la ulalo wa zài jiāgōng: tiyi yobiriwira yoyambirira si ‘kuyipitsa’ mkati mwa gulu lake lomwe, koma kuisamutsira ku gulu latsopano kudzera mu kukhudzana ndi maluwa.

Kukhazikika ndi malo m’gulu

Mu dongosolo la China, tiyi imagawidwa m’magulu oyambira malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kusinthidwa, ndipo pali gulu lina lapadera la zài jiāgōng chá (再加工茶) — tiyi zosinthidwanso, zomwe jasmine ndi imodzi mwa izo. Choncho, huā chá pī (maziko obiriwira owotcha mu uvuni) ndi a m’gulu la tiyi yobiriwira, pomwe mòlì huā chá (jasmine yomalizidwa) ndi ya m’gulu la tiyi zosinthidwanso. Magawo awiriwa ndi ofunikira kumvetsetsa: chinthu chimodzi chomwecho pa magawo osiyanasiyana chimalowa m’magulu osiyana a gulu.

Kukoma ndi kuphika

Maziko enieniwo huā chá pī mu mawonekedwe ake oyera — ndi tiyi yobiriwira yowotcha mu uvuni yodziletsa: yoyera, yofewa, yopanda kununkhira kwakukulu kwa chestnut kwa chǎoqīng, yokhala ndi maziko osalowerera ndale. Kusalowerera ndaleku ndiko ubwino wake monga chopangira, osati cholakwika.

Mu tiyi yomalizidwa ya jasmine, maziko amatenga udindo wa ‘thupi’ la madzi ndi maziko omwe fungo la maluwa limamvekera: madzi a tiyi amakhala ofewa, okoma pang’ono, opanda kuwawa kowopsa kobiriwira. Kuphika tiyi yotere, ndi koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda pang’ono (kuti musatulutse fungo lachilengedwe la maluwa ndi madzi owira mwamphamvu) ndi kutsanulira kwaufupi, kulola kumva fungo mosanjikiza. Maziko a kalasi yabwino amatha kupirira kutsanulira kangapo, kutulutsa pang’onopang’ono zigawo zake za maluwa ndi zobiriwira.

Mbiri ndi chikhalidwe

Kwawo kwa tiyi ya jasmine mu ndondomeko yathu kwatchulidwa mwachindunji kuti ndi Fuzhou (福州) — malo a mbiriyakale a kupanga mòlì huā chá, kumene njira zapamwamba zodzazira maziko ndi maluwa zinakhazikitsidwa. Masiku ano, malo akuluakulu opangira ndi Hengxian (横县) ku Guangxi, womwe wakhala likulu lalikulu lopaka fungo; kupanga kumachitikanso kwambiri ku Sichuan (四川).

Izi zikuwonetsa kugawikana kwa ntchito mkati mwa ulalo wa zài jiāgōng: maziko obiriwira a hōngqīng amatha kupangidwa m’madera ena (Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan), pamene kudzaza kwake ndi jasmine kumakhazikika m’malo omwe ndi abwino kulima jasmine ndi ntchito zanyengo ndi maluwa amoyo. Tiyi ya jasmine mwambiri imagwira ntchito pamsika wamkati komanso wotumiza kunja — iyi ndi imodzi mwa nkhope za tiyi ya China ‘zonunkhira’ zodziwika bwino kwambiri.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi kusasokoneza

Zizindikiro zingapo, zochokera ku chikhalidwe cha huā chá pī:

• Maziko ≠ chinthu chomalizidwa. Huā chá pī — ndi chinthu chopangira, chopangira chobiriwira chogwirira ntchito; mòlì huā chá — ndi tiyi yosinthidwa kale yodzaza ndi fungo la maluwa. Ndikosavuta kuwasokoneza m’mawu, koma ali m’magulu osiyana a gulu.
• Yowotcha mu uvuni, osati yokazinga. Ngati muli ndi zinthu zokhala ndi fungo lake lomwe laponderezedwa — awa ndi maziko a hōngqīng odziwika bwino, osati chǎoqīng yokazinga yomveka yophika mwachindunji.
• Fungo limachokera ku maluwa, osati ku chonunkhiritsa. Mu tiyi ya jasmine yabwino, fungo ndi zotsatira za yìnhuā mobwerezabwereza, kudzaza ndi maluwa amoyo, osati chowonjezera. Maziko abwino amanyamula mokhulupirika fungo la maluwa ‘kuchokera mkati’ mwa masamba ndikusunga mochulukira.
• Ntchito imawerengedwa ndi mfundo zake. Maziko amasankhidwa ndikuyesedwa potengera kuthekera kwake kolandira ndi kusunga fungo, osati chifukwa cha chiyambi ‘chodziwika’ — mosiyana ndi mayina amalonda obiriwira achigawo 商品名, omwe amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wawo weniweni.

Umu ndi momwe huā chá pī imakhalira ngwazi yachete, koma yofunikira kwambiri: maziko obiriwira, omwe kudziletsa kwawo — ndi mkhalidwe woti jasmine idzamveke mokwanira, ndipo tiyi yokha idzasinthira kudziko la zài jiāgōng.