wéishān máojiān · thetea.app

Mu banja la tiyi wachikasu (黄茶), Wéishān Máojiān ali ndi malo apadera: ndiye yekhayo woimira gululi amene, kuphatikiza pa kutenthetsa kwachikale kwa mèn huáng (闷黄), amawonjezeranso kuwumitsa pa utsi wa paini (松烟熏). Kuchokera pamenepo — fungo lodziwika bwino la “utsi wa paini” (松烟香) lomwe limakhala pansi pa kukoma kofewa, kotsekemera, komwe kulibe mu tiyi wina aliyense wachikasu waku China.

1. Magulu ndi Chiyambi:

Mtundu: tiyi wachikasu (黄茶).
Gulu: 黄小茶 (huáng xiǎo chá) — tiyi wachikasu wa masamba ang’onoang’ono. Mu kagawidwe ka magawo atatu a tiyi wachikasu malinga ndi kufewa kwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito — 黄芽茶 (huáng yá chá, wochokera ku masamba okhaokha), 黄小茶 (huáng xiǎo chá, wochokera ku mphukira za masamba ang’onoang’ono), 黄大茶 (huáng dà chá, wochokera ku masamba akuluakulu, olimba) — amakhala pakati.
Chiyambi: mapiri a Wéishān (沩山), chigawo cha Níngxiāng (宁乡), m’chigawo cha Húnán (湖南).
Dzina la mbiri yakale: 沩江白毛尖 (wéijiāng bái máojiān) — “nsonga zoyera zaubweya za kuchokera ku mtsinje wa Wéi”. Mu dzinali muli zizindikiro ziwiri za zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: ubweya wochuluka wonyezimira (毫) pa mphukira zazing’ono ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba lokonzedwa ngati “nsonga” zakuthwa (毛尖).
Malo m’gulu la tiyi ‘wachikasu’ la ku Húnán: chigawo chomwecho chinapatsa dziko lapansi tiyi wachikasu wotchuka kwambiri m’dzikoli — Jūnshān Yín Zhēn wochokera pachilumba cha Jūnshān pa nyanja ya Dòngtíng, — komanso Běigǎng Máojiān wochokera m’chigawo cha Yuèyáng. Wéishān Máojiān ndi wa m’gulu lomweli, koma ndiye wosiyana kwambiri pakati pawo.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:

Kuwotcha pa utsi wa paini kwa Wéishān kuyenera kuwonedwa ngati mwambo wamaloko wosamalira zokolola za kumapiri, osati ngati kalembedwe kamene kangobwera posachedwa.
Dzina la mbiri yakale 沩江白毛尖 limatsimikizira kugwirizana kwa tiyiyu ndi mtsinje ndi phiri lenileni, ndipo mawonekedwe a utsi omwe — ndi chikhalidwe cha kumapiri.
M’munda waukulu wa tiyi wachikasu waku Húnán, komwe “nyenyezi za masamba” monga Jūnshān Yín Zhēn zimatsogola, Wéishān Máojiān amasunga malo a “chikasu cha utsi” — chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha dera.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito:

Mawonekedwe a kukolola: tsamba limodzi ndi mphukira kapena mphukira ndi masamba awiri (1芽1~2叶).
Izi sizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapamwamba kwambiri za “masamba okhaokha” monga za Jūnshān Yín Zhēn, komanso sizinthu zolimba za tiyi wamba wa masamba akuluakulu: ndiye malo apakati abwino, omwe amapatsa madzi a tiyi kuzama, ndipo mphukira — ubweya womwewo umene umapezeka mu dzina loti “nsonga zoyera zaubweya”.
Mphukira zazing’ono zimakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira wochuluka; tsamba louma lokonzedwa — “nsonga” zakuthwa zaubweya.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:

Malo a m’mapiri a Wéishān ndi chifunga chake pafupipafupi ndi kuwala komwe kumafalikira kumapanga zinthu zomwe masamba ndi masamba oyamba amakula pang’onopang’ono, akumasonkhanitsa zinthu zopangira fungo ndikusunga mawonekedwe ofewa, — zomwe ndi zofunika pamaukadaulo osalala a tiyi wachikasu.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:

闷黄 (mèn huáng, ‘kutenthetsa kufikira wachikasu’): gawo lomwe limaphatikiza tiyi wonse wachikasu. Pambuyo poletsa ntchito za ma enzymes mu masamba obiriwira, tsamba lonyowa, lomwe likadali lofunda limapindidwa ndikusungidwa pansi pa chivundikiro, pomwe mkati mwa kutentha kotsalira ndi chinyezi kumachitika kusintha pang’onopang’ono kosatengera mpweya wina. Izi ndizomwe zimasandutsa masamba obiriwira kukhala achikasu ndikuchepetsa kukoma kwa “kubiriwira”, zomwe zimapereka kufewa ndi kutsekemera komwe kumadziwika ndi gululi. Popanda mèn huáng, tiyi amakhalabe wobiriwira; gawo ili ndilomwe limasiyanitsa magulu awiriwa.
松烟熏 (sōng yān xūn) — kuwotcha pa utsi wa paini: chapadera cha Wéishān Máojiān ndichakuti, kuphatikiza pa kutenthetsa, kumawonjezedwa kuwotcha pa utsi wa paini yoyaka. Tsamba lowotchedwa pa utsi limalowetsa mkati mwake zinthu zomwe zimawuluka zotuluka mu utsi wa paini, ndipo mu tiyi womaliza, pamwamba pa kufewa kwachikasu kumawonekera kamvekedwe kake ka utsi.
Kufanana ndi tiyi wakuda: mwaukadaulo, izi zimagwirizana ndi njira ya ku Fújiàn — kuwotcha pa utsi wa paini kwa tiyi wakuda Zhèng shān xiǎo zhǒng (正山小种, Lapsang Souchong), — koma kumeneko utsi umakhala pa tsamba lakuda lomwe lasandulika kwathunthu, pomwe pano — pa tsamba lachikasu, lotenthetsedwa. Kuphatikiza kwa mèn huáng ndi utsi wa paini mu ukadaulo umodzi sikupezekanso mu tiyi wina aliyense wachikasu waku China, zomwe zimapangitsa Wéishān Máojiān kukhala yekhayo mwa mtundu wake.
Kutsatana kwa ntchito: kuletsa ntchito za ma enzymes (杀青) kuti ma enzyme asiye kugwira ntchito → kutenthetsa mèn huáng kuti ‘akhale achikasu’ → kuwumitsa pang’ono ndi kuwotcha pa utsi wa paini → kuwumitsa kotsiriza. Mulingo ndi nthawi ya kuwotcha pa utsi zimatsimikizira momwe kamvekedwe ka utsi kakumvekera m’chigawo china: kuchokera pa kamvekedwe kakang’ono kofewa mpaka pa kamvekedwe kake kolimba.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkira ndi Kukoma:

Tsamba louma: “nsonga” zakuthwa zaubweya ndi ubweya wonyezimira.
Fungo: 松烟香 ndilo lamba — fungo lamphamvu, lamatabwa-utsi la paini yoyaka, pomwe pansi pake pamamvekera kutsekemera kofewa kwa tsamba lachikasu lotenthetsedwa.
Kukoma: 醇甜 (chún tián) — kokhazikika, kokwanira komanso kotsekemera, popanda kukoma kowawa kobiriwira; kamvekedwe ka utsi sikumaphimba, koma kumazungulira kufewa kumeneku.
Madzi a tiyi: achikasu-golide, oyera; kwa tiyi wachikasu wochokera ku zinthu zofewa — ndiye chizindikiro chofunikira cha “madzi achikasu, tsamba lachikasu” (黄汤黄叶).
Kwa Wéishān Máojiān, kumawonekedwe ake kofunikira kumawonjezeredwa chinthu chofunikira cha utsi, popanda icho tiyi amataya chizindikiritso chake cha mtundu.

9. Kuwiritsa:

Malangizo amatsatira mfundo zomwezo za tiyi wachikasu wochokera ku zinthu zofewa:

Madzi: osatentha kwambiri — pafupifupi 80 – 85 °C, kuti ‘musapse’ masamba aubweya ndikuti musamveketsere utsi kwambiri m’njira yomwe ingawononge kutsekemera.
Chombo: gàiwǎn ya porcelain kapena galasi; galasi limalola kuyang’ana kusuntha kwa nsonga zaubweya m’madzi.
Mlingo ndi nthawi: muyeso wocheperako, kuthira kwaufupi koyamba ndikuwonjezera nthawi pang’onopang’ono; kamvekedwe ka utsi kamamveka kwambiri m’madzi oyamba, kumachepa mpaka pakati pomwe maziko a chikasu otsekemera amawonekera.
Tiyi amapirira kuthira kotsatizana kangapo, ndipo m’mene zikuyenderera, utsi umachepa, pamene kutsekemera ndi kuzama kwake kumamveka bwino.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:

Momwe mungasiyanitsire Wéishān Máojiān weniweni:

Fungo la utsi ndilofunika kwambiri. Chizindikiro chachikulu chozindikirira — utsi wodziwika wa paini (松烟香). Ngati mu kapu mulibe, chimene muli nacho si Wéishān Máojiān weniweni.
Wachikasu, osati wakuda. Utsi umagwirizanitsa tiyiyu ndi Zhèng shān xiǎo zhǒng, koma Wéishān Máojiān ndi wachikasu: madzi ake ndi achikasu-golide, kukoma kwake n’kofewa-kotsekemera ndi kotenthetsedwa, popanda kusandulika kwathunthu kwa tiyi wakuda.
Kutsekemera kwa kutenthetsa pansi pa utsi. Mosiyana ndi tiyi wobiriwira, Wéishān Máojiān alibe kukoma kwakuthwa ‘kobiriwira’: gawo la mèn huáng limapereka kufewa kwa chún tián. Ngati pambuyo pa utsi pamabwera kamvekedwe kake kobiriwira kakuthwa — kutenthetsa sikunakwane kapena tiyi akulowera kumbali ya wobiriwira.
“Nsonga” zaubweya. Tsamba louma — masamba ndi mphukira zaubweya zakuthwa za mawonekedwe 1芽1~2叶, ndi ubweya wonyezimira, zomwe zimatsimikizira dzina loti “nsonga zoyera zaubweya”.
Dera. Tiyi weniweni amachokera ku Wéishān m’chigawo cha Níngxiāng, m’chigawo cha Húnán; kukhala wa m’dera ili la ku Húnán ndi gawo la chizindikiritso cha mtundu wake.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:

Malo mu dongosolo la tiyi wachikasu. Mu kaundula wa tiyi wachikasu waku China, Wéishān Máojiān ali m’gulu la “tiyi wachikasu wa masamba ang’onoang’ono” ku Húnán pafupi ndi Běigǎng Máojiān, pomwe “tiyi wachikasu watatu wotchuka wa masamba okhaokha” ndi Jūnshān Yín Zhēn, Mèngdǐng Huáng Yá, ndi Huòshān Huáng Yá.
Muyeso wa kukhala m’gulu. Kukhala wa 黄茶 kumatsimikizidwa poyamba ndi kukhalapo kwa gawo la mèn huáng: mwa chizindikiro ichi, tiyi amasiyanitsidwa mwalamulo ndi wobiriwira.
Yekhayo wa mtundu wake. Wéishān Máojiān ndi chitsanzo chosowa, pomwe tsatanetsatane umodzi waukadaulo umapangitsa tiyi kukhala yekhayo m’gulu lake. Kuphatikiza kwa kutenthetsa kwachikasu ndi utsi wa paini sikupezekanso kwina kulikonse, ndipo kuphatikiza kumeneku, osati kungokhala dera lokha, ndiko kumamulekanitsa pakati pa tiyi wachikasu waku China.